tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8453822016940088112024-03-07T23:04:50.181-08:00How to write essayLatin American Cultures Soci 3308 Research Paper Topicsseths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.comBlogger55125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-15799197814040874812020-08-27T17:09:00.001-07:002020-08-27T17:09:09.336-07:00Leadership Approach Paper EssayHierarchical conduct becomes possibly the most important factor to help the executives in improving their comprehension of human conduct inside associations to all the more likely impart, dispense assets, delegate assignments, plan, sort out, direct, and control work exercises. The primary reason for understanding hierarchical conduct is to expand initiative viability, spur laborers, and rouse them to progress in the direction of a typical goal. Despite the fact that there are numerous authority draws near, we will concentrate on the situational initiative methodology. We will break down the reason, qualities and shortcomings of the situational administration approach, and give a case of how it very well may be applied to genuine circumstances. Situational Leadership Approach As it name recommends, the situational initiative methodology expresses that pioneers should utilize various methodologies as circumstances change. To put it plainly, pioneers ought to be adaptable, hold onto change as it comes, and be equipped for adjusting to it. The situational authority approach is a model that was created by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey in 1972. The hypothesis expresses that pioneers should coordinate their authority style to the development of supporters and to the particular assignments available (Lerstrom, 2008). As individuals inside associations procure more understanding and become progressively proficient about their activity, pioneers should adjust new initiative styles to keep these individuals propelled. As indicated by May (2013) the center idea of the situational administration approach is that ââ¬Å"one size doesn't fit allâ⬠. The best chiefs are the individuals who have a dream, however ââ¬Å"the best pioneers are the ones who can adjust their initiative styles over an expansive scope of differing development levels promptly present inside the normal association (May, 2013). â⬠Moreover, utilizing the situational authority approach proposes that pioneers utilize a blend of other initiative ways to deal with be compelling. As indicated by Phatak (2012), ââ¬Å"The theory of a pioneer should be adaptable enough to adjust to circumstances and evolving times. We need a blend of value-based and transformational administration methods to take care of business. The essential thought behind this hypothesis is that one must adjust system with evolving conditions. â⬠Strengths As referenced before, situational initiative considers greater adaptability. As the world develops, associations need to make changes in accordance with endure. Tomasco (2013) states that with the situational authority approach, pioneers get the chance to adjust their administration style to their followersââ¬â¢ needs. Thusly, as pioneers viably coordinate their authority style to circumstances and followersââ¬â¢ needs, work exercises will run easily, cooperations will be progressively effective, connections will be developed, and adherents will accomplish ideal execution. Shortcomings Although the situational administration approach has all the earmarks of being the best game-plan because of its adaptability, it has shortcomings that one can't disregard. Phatak (2012) clarifies that continually changing methodologies with time, a pioneer will think that its hard to actualize new procedures in a hurry. A drawn out vision may evade him because of steady changes. â⬠Further, Wile (2013) recognizes four shortcomings of the situational authority approach which are disarray, initiative or the executives, outside components, and discernment. Without a doubt, adherents may get confounded as pioneers change a recently actualized authority system because of evolving conditions. The situational initiative methodology is regularly misinterpreted with an administration technique to lead representatives to accomplish better results. One can't make light of the effect outer variables have on associations and authoritative conduct. Pioneers ought to exhibit their capacity to comprehend the organizationââ¬â¢s outside condition and to survey followersââ¬â¢ conduct to actualize an authority approach that will work. At long last, individuals inside associations have various recognitions and respond distinctively in comparative circumstances. Consequently, the situational initiative methodology may not give precise forecasts of followersââ¬â¢ conduct. Situational Leadership Approach in Real Life Alan Lerstrom from Luther College did a contextual investigation utilizing the situational initiative methodology wherein he showed how scholastic consultants can adjust their administration style dependent on studentsââ¬â¢ development as they advance higher in their examinations. Lerstrom applied the Hersey and Blanchardââ¬â¢s model of situational authority for the situation study. The model proposes that compelling pioneers will alter their administration styles as per changing circumstances and followersââ¬â¢ development. As indicated by Lerstrom (2008), Jay, the understudy for the situation study started giving indications of development as he better comprehended the significant he needed to seek after and classes he expected to join up with. Likewise, Jay turned out to be increasingly certain about his capacities, comprehended the prerequisites related with his major, and was additionally ready to speak with the counselor. ââ¬Å"Situational authority give hypothetical and viable devices that help guides in understanding changes in the preparation levels of their understudies, and it proposes designs for identifying with understudies (Lerstrom, 2008, p. 7). â⬠Conclusion Situational administration is the methodology that expresses that pioneers must be adaptable enough to adjust their initiative styles to evolving circumstances, to explicit assignments, and to authoritative conduct. This investigation demonstrated that despite the fact that the situational administration approach yields positive results it has shortcomings. In this manner, it is critical to use the qualities of the way to deal with reduce its shortcomings. For expanded viability, pioneers should utilize hierarchical conduct research strategies to more readily comprehend the current circumstances, their followersââ¬â¢ discernments, and the organizationââ¬â¢s inner and outer situations. This technique will give direction in applying the proper authority style. References Lerstrom, A. C. Exhorting Jay: A Case Study Using a Situational Leadership Approach. NACADA Journal; Fall2008, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p21-27, 7p May, R. (2013). Essentials of the Situational Leadership Model. Recovered from http://www. businessdictionary. com/article/724/nuts and bolts of-the-situational-leade rship-model/Phatak, O. (June 20, 2012). Advantages and disadvantages of Leadership Theories. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-74847587056055006902020-08-22T12:36:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:36:33.292-07:00Aurora LeighThe account of Aurora Lee Aurora Lee is the tale of an invented artist. This story is the best accomplishment of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. This is the main significant sonnet in English writing, courageous woman is a female essayist like an author. This story is identified with the aurora as a developing artist of society, aside from ladies who are specialists. In view of the job of society, society forces limitations on ladies. Society fundamentally characterizes ladies as detained. In Aurora Leigh, Elizabeth Barrett Browning presents a reviving job against Victorian standards. Besides, she made Aurora Lee's auntie as a character to flaunt the genuine women's activist nature of Aurora. The possibility of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹a Victorian woman, Aurora Leigh's auntie, is all that she isn't. Carmelizing utilized a virus picture to layout her auntie's appearance: Her brow is somewhat dainty and weaved tight ... earthy colored hair wounded with dark/cold utilized throughout everyday life. Draw on the ground (1181). Aurora Leigh's auntie resembles a living lady and an individual's life. Lee expressed, She lived previously, I would state this is an innocuous life, she considers it a kindhearted life ... this isn't life in any way (1181). Aurora viewed her auntie's acceptable life as prohibitive and choking out presence. Not exclusively did my auntie frequently carry on with a sorted out life, men stated the conventional sex job (or rule) set up by men in the male world. When Barrett Browning initially concocted Aurora Leigh, she reported that she entered our gathering and was rushed to the family room. Heavenly attendants fear stomping on aim; - up close and personal correspondence, no cover, if it's not too much trouble sit tight for the human instinct of the occasions (Knox 36). Intertwining AuroraLeigh's tale with verse, she thought of this. During this time Victorian individuals pondered this. Books are appropriate for female essayists Poetry is constrained to men Type arrangement is an ideal case of profound situated sexual orientation limitation of the time, and so as to loathe social preference by writing in two kinds, It is Barrett Browning that utilizations develop openings. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-69566033436132187552020-08-21T10:18:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:18:29.876-07:00How to Get Research Papers Wrote For YouHow to Get Research Papers Wrote For YouIn order to get research papers written for you, there are several requirements you must meet. The most important one is that you must be a good and original writer. The more original you are, the more likely you are to be able to write good research papers. For that reason, it is vital that you do not overlook this skill.When you first start writing papers, you will want to know what type of research you are going to do. You can decide on this before you start writing. If you are an academic type, it might be better for you to write one or two different research papers at a time. If you are interested in writing other types of papers, then you can decide which ones you want to write and how many.When you want to find out how to get research papers written for you, you should have your own writing style. If you find yourself too lazy to write about a topic or if you write in a boring way, then you should rethink the type of research paper you w ant to write. Writing style is very important in the research world. You should be able to express yourself clearly so that the audience can understand you.While writing your research papers, you should include all the different people and the different topics you have heard about. You should make sure that you include all your best sources. This will help you know exactly where you are getting your information from.Before you begin writing, you should know how you are going to get it written. Make sure that you have a plan and that you have something to do with it once you get the research written. Have a deadline on your back up plan so that you do not lose focus on the things you have to do.You should know what types of research papers are allowed by the school or by the company you want to work for. You may want to hire a professional if you do not know how to write research papers. You do not want to write something that is not allowed by the company that you are working for. T his can cause you to lose your job or to lose your career over it.After you have started writing, you should look for your own self-reflection. It is also important that you know that there is always room for improvement. You should also be careful to include your strengths so that the audience can appreciate you and find you inspiring.While you are writing your research papers, you should use the tips above. You should consider every one of them when you get started writing the papers. You should also remember that when you get a paper written for you, the content is the most important thing you should focus on. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-64545093795050787002020-05-26T00:22:00.001-07:002020-05-26T00:22:05.980-07:00Innovation Management The Innovation Of Vaccines Innovation management The innovation of vaccines Student number: 100090338 Word count: 1450 words Contents Introduction 1 Innovation types 1 The contribution of vaccines 2 Contribution of human history 2 Contribution of socio-economic 3 The disadvantages of vaccines 4 Side effects 4 To make experiments on animals 4 Conclusion 5 Introduction There are hundreds and thousands of infants, children and adults faced different type of diseases all around world, like whooping cough, polio,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However, new vaccines would be produced by improving existing vaccine and technology, which can maintain new vaccines competition. Hence, new vaccines would become incremental innovation. Incremental innovation means that for keep or improve product s competitive position and meet consumers demands by changing and improving existing product or product line, and generally, incremental innovation is used in the high technology business (BusinessDictionary, 2015). The contribution of vaccines There is no doubt that vaccine is absolutely successful innovation for human life, and there are 7 facts can provide evidence of this statement. Firstly, it makes thousands of children survived each year. Secondly, vaccine can destroy terrible diseases. Thirdly, chronic diseases, including some cancers, can be prevented by vaccines. Lastly, it saves a lot of money every year (Orenstein et al., 2014). Like Internet and computers, every successful invention has some benefits for human or social life, similarly, vaccine also has quantity of contributions. Contribution of human history Basically, vaccines changed the way that people used to fight against disease. Before vaccines have been produced, when people infected flu or smallpox, they used to seek simply medical or religious to intervene for their illnesses (Young, 2015). When a serious epidemic ofShow MoreRelatedInternal Weaknesses And Strengths Of Sanofi Pasteur1206 Words à |à 5 Pagesorganizational growth to bring out his unique management style for one of the worldââ¬â¢s top vaccine manufacturers. He has had various key positions over the past 22 years with the company, which contributes extensively to his accomplishments. In the United States, Latin America, and Canada business units, Braga is responsible for operations, oversees the annual revenue of over $3.5 billion, and serves as fundamental role in growth and global strategic management in the organization. Each year revenuesRead MoreThree Pillars986 Words à |à 4 Pagesqualities that help support their end goal. Entering into the GCU Col lege of Business it is important to understand the three pillars that embody a graduate business student. The three pillars include servant leadership, entrepreneurial spirit, and innovation. Servant Leadership describes a leadership style that focuses on serving the needs of the team, client or community rather than the needs of the leader. ââ¬Å"Characteristics of servant leaders include but are not limited to listening, empathy, awarenessRead MoreSanofi Aventis Swot Analysis1750 Words à |à 7 PagesNovember 2012 The Business Environment ââ¬Å" Sanofi-Aventis, between innovation and acquisitionâ⬠Wafi Djebbar Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 3 2.Sanofi Description and Background......â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.......4 3. Sanofi Business Environment 4 3.1. Political Factors 4 3.2. Economic Factors 5 3.3. Social Factors 7 3.4. Technological Factors 7 3.5. Environmental Factors 8 3.6. Legal Factorsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦8Read MoreEssay about Case Memo: Merck Global Health and Access to Medicines604 Words à |à 3 PagesSpecial Rapporteur on the right to health, submitted to the United Nations General Assembly in August 2008. 1 The ââ¬Ëââ¬ËHuman Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in relation to Access to Medicinesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ include responsibilities for transparency, management, monitoring and accountability, pricing, and ethical marketing, and against lobbying for more protection in intellectual property laws, applying for patents for trivial modifications of existing medicines, inappropriate drug promotion, and excessiveRead MoreGsk: Internal Innovation Strategy1901 Words à |à 8 Pagesexcel in internal innovation through research on eight therapy areas- biopharmaceuticals, immune-inflammation, infectious diseases, metabolic pathways, neuroscience, oncology, ophthalmology and respiratory. 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The simplest most obvious and scientifically sound explanation for Zikaââ¬â¢s deadly mutation should have been known to, and reported by, the Times reporters. This evidence of diversionary propaganda embroils Times owners, and GM mosquito vaccine enterprise investors in Oxitec. The consumer fraud in selling and concealing risky biotechnologies is a commercial crime. The deadly experiment gone awry now threatens billions of families that may birth millions of brain damaged children. The social seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-16759805398678293242020-05-15T06:56:00.001-07:002020-05-15T06:56:14.292-07:00The Bloodiest Battle By William Manchester - 1245 Words William Manchester, author of ââ¬Å"The Bloodiest Battleâ⬠, utilizes personal war-stories throughout the essay to portray not only the challenging hardships of war but the vivid descriptions of human-to-human annihilation, and how that affected him emotionally. Manchesterââ¬â¢s purpose was to show the audience that two countries (America and Japan) could make peace, but the individuals who fought it still struggle, including himself. He portrays the idea that there is more behind the victory of the war. Throughout the essay, Manchester reminisces about the battle between the Japanese on the island Okinawa. Just from the choice of words the author used, you can get a feel of the sound, and the look of the area that is being written about: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the anchor of this line was a knoll of coral and volcanic ash, which the Marines christened Sugar Loaf Hillâ⬠(Manchester 294). In this quote, Manchester utilizes visual imagery to give the reader an imagination of the en vironment he had to deal with just five weeks into the war. ââ¬Å"A knoll of coral and volcanic ashâ⬠represents the emptiness of the land that was once filled with marine soldiers. It focuses on the fact that many soldiers risked their lives just to fight for the freedom of America. He immortalizes on the idea that soldiers who died in this battle should not be forgotten. Manchesterââ¬â¢s description of living in the combat zone is quite powerful and heart-rending. He immediately draws the reader into his everyday battlefield experienceShow MoreRelated First World War Poetry Essay2753 Words à |à 12 Pages The First World War, or The Great War, was fought over the period August 1914 to November 1918. Although this was fought in many locations, and on a number of continents, the Western Front was the scene of some of the most important and bloodiest battles of the War. The Western Front was a series of trenches running through Belgium and France that formed the front line between the Allied and German forces. Many of the WW1 poets saw action on the Western Front. The War was dehumanising seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-89539462133633281172020-05-06T16:16:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:16:17.912-07:00Analyzing How Internal And External Forces Affect... Administrating a college is different from running a business firm. Driven by a clear profit generation goal, business administrators utilize management instruments to make rational decisions linearly. Contrastingly, college administrator will often encounter issues of shared governance, unclear mission, dynamic organizational culture, and loosely coupled structure, which make the decision making process challenging and time-consuming (Birnbaum, 1988). Due to the unique nature of college administration, Birnbaum suggests that college leaders should identify various organizational models that function in problem solving, and then respond to various dilemmas with sensible decision making (1988). In the book How Colleges Work, Birnbaumâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Equality, cohesiveness, and democracy are three fundamental features for such academic setting. Equality lies in the decision making process: equal right is granted to each individual, who has equal power to influence the outcome. The outcome is achieved through consensus, an agreement advocated by most of the members. Equal governing status constructs the cohesiveness in the organization. Sharing advance degree of equivalent level and similar background, faculties interact intimately and frequently in small groups, fostering a unifying culture. The common goal of pursuing academic excellence bonds faculties together, which leads to a democratic, nonlinear hierarchy. Administrators of the collegial model are elected from the faculty, who will act as agents and share governance with the peers. Lacking professional managing experience, administrators are expected to conform to norms and exemplify the common value in leadership behavior. Birnbaum indicates that it is an ideal model for administrating academic institution, however, it can be less efficient in larger size institutions. The cohesiveness can be a blessing, and it also can be a curse. Environment Interaction Normed under a cohesive culture, the internal personnel management of the collegium is rather tightly coupled and stable. Administrators and seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-26534938271363480682020-05-05T18:58:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:58:23.154-07:00Creative short stories Essay Example For Students Creative short stories Essay MacBethsTransformation from Brave Macbeth to This dead ButcherWilliam Shakespeares play MacBeth tells the story of Macbeth change from a bravegeneral, to a vicious murderer. At the start of the play Macbeth is acknowledge by theking as a brave and honourable general, after he heard of Macbeths great victory in thebattlefield. He promotes Macbeth to Thane of Cawdor, which was still unknown by bothMacbeth and Banquo when they came across the three weird sisters. All Hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor (I:III:51)All Hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter (I:III:53)Macbeth was sceptical about these prophecies, however developed faith in them whenRoss, following the kings orders titles him Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth does not let on to anyone about his ever-increasing desire to become king. If chance will have me king, why chance will crown me. (I:III:154)Macbeth tells his lady about the prophecies and she is instantly enthusiastic about theprospect of Macbeth becoming king. Great Glamis, Worthy Cawdor! Greater than both by the all-hail hereafter!Thy letters have transported me beyond this ignorant present and I feel now thefuture is an instant. (I:V:58)Macbeths desire turns to an obsession and with lady Macbeth; they make plans toassassinate king Duncan. Macbeths strong conscience overpowers his obsession andhe resigns from the fatal ploy. He sees a vision of a dagger drifting in the direction ofDuncans room, which convinces him to take part in the sinful act of murder. False face must hide what the false heart doth know. (I:VII:92)Macbeth is discomforted and confused after the murder of Duncan, but does notexpress his emotions to anyone. Malcom and Donalbain Duncans sons in fear for theirlives flee the country, leaving Macbeth to assume the role as king. After reigning as king for a little while, Macbeth becomes concerned with the continuationof his supremacy. The weird sisters spoke of Banquo as being lesser but greater, not sohappy yet much happier, Thou shalt get kings though be none (I:III:68)This plays on Macbeths mind for a while and his desire proves to be to strong. His guiltyconscience is taken over and in an attempt to control fate Macbeth devises a plan to killboth Banquo and his son Fleance. Macbeth is disturbed when he receives word that Banquo had been murdered, butFleance escaped. Macbeth begins to hallucinate and is constantly hunted by a ghost ofBanquo. During these hallucinations in the presence of many noblemen, Macbethreveals emotions and thoughts from deep down inside. Many noblemen now suspect himas the murderer of Duncan and Banquo. He becomes isolated from many peopleincluding Lady Macbeth. Macbeths desire to reign as king has led him to kill. His obsession drives him to revisit the weird sisters, to obtain the answers to hisquestions. MacBeths fatal flaw is shown clearly when the image of Eight kings passbefore him, with the Ghost of Banquo following. What is this so? (IV:I:134)Ay sir, all this is so; but why stands MacBeth so amazedly (IV:I:138)It shows that he has yet to realise that he cannot control fate, and Banquo will father aline of kings no matter what he does to try and prevent it from happening. The first of the second set of prophecies Beware Macduff! Beware the Thane of Fife. (IV:I:77)almost instantly became apparent when Lennox brings word that Macduff has fled toEngland. The bluntness of his orders shows how selfish and arrogant he has become. .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d , .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .postImageUrl , .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d , .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:hover , .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:visited , .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:active { border:0!important; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:active , .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0470db38781142e83d380788428068d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare / Contrast - Baseball EssaySeize upon Fife; give to the edge o the sword, his wife, his babies, and all theunfortunate souls that trace him to his line. (IV:I:165)MacBeth is prepared for the invasion by Macduff and Malcom, his overwhelming pridecauses him to feel fearless of Macduff, and is filled with confidence before they confronteach other, but when they do eventually meet MacBeth does not want to fight. He hasrealised how ruthless he has been in his actions and how guilty he is of slaughteringmany innocent people to benefit him. How selfish and pretentious he has been in hisattempt to control fate. He is eventually slained after being to proud to concede defea tand having to kneel before his successor, the son of his first victim, Malcom. MacBeths transformation from a brave general to a dead murderer, was not gradual, hisoverwhelming pride and his inability to realise he could not play the part of God broughtabout seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-9161662909039169452020-04-12T18:16:00.001-07:002020-04-12T18:16:03.982-07:00Job Satisfaction and Job Performance free essay sample The attitudes, ideas, feelings and interests of a child are influenced by the organization of his/her family, thinking of parents and customs of the society. Personality of parents, their education and their behaviour towards the children is the basis of development of attitudes. Teachers having favourable attitude towards their profession are generally successful, properly adjusted and well satisfied with their job. Conducting a study on the secondary school teachers ofà Bangaloreà city Umme (1999) concluded that attitude towards teaching correlated positively and significantly with their job-satisfaction. OBJECTIVES 1. To compare the job satisfaction of teacher educators with their attitude towards teaching; 2. To compare the job satisfaction of male teacher educators with their attitude towards teaching; 3. To compare the job satisfaction of female teacher educators with their attitude towards teaching. HYPOTHESES 1. There is positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching among teacher educators; 2. There is positive and signification relationship between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching among male teacher educators; 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching among female teacher educators. METHOD The study was descriptive survey type. Sample The sample comprised of 250 teacher educators with 100 male and 150 female teachers educators from 20 Colleges of Education affiliated toà Panjabà University,à Chandigarh,à Guruà Nanakà Devà University,à Amritsarà andà PunjabiUniversity,à Patiala. Tools 1. Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) by Amar Singh and T. R. Sharma (1999) revised version; 2. Teacher Attitude Inventory by S. P. Ahluwalia (1998) revised version. Statistical Techniques Product moment correlation technique was used to find the relation between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching. RESULTS Product moment correlations were worked out between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching. The value of correlation between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching was 0. 0456, which was not significant. This leads to the partial confirmation of hypotheses 1. Hence, job satisfaction of teacher educators thus is positively but not significantly related to attitude towards teaching. The value of correlation between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching was 0. 123, which was positive but not significant. Thus, the hypothesis 2 was partially accepted. Hence, job satisfaction of male teacher educators is positively but not significantly related to attitude towards teaching. The value of correlation between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching was 0. 0034 which was positive but not significant, which leads to the partial confirmation of hypothesis 3. Thus, relation between job satisfaction and attitude towards teaching of female teacher educators is positive but not significant. CONCLUSION The job satisfaction of teacher educators was positively but not significantly related to their attitude towards teaching. The job satisfaction of male and female teacher educators was also positively but not significantly related to their attitude towards teaching. REFERENCE Umme, K. (1999) A factor analytic study of job involvement of secondary school teachers inà Bangaloreà city. Experiments in Educationà 28, 9 , 159-163, September. Teachers are increasingly dissatisfied with their jobs, with budget cuts, larger classroom sizes and increased levels of stress all contributing to the problem, according to a nationwide survey released Thursday. Theà annual MetLife Survey of the American Teacherà shows the lowest level of job satisfaction among teachers since the group began the survey in 1985. According to the survey, which was conducted toward the end of 2012, teacher satisfaction has declined 23 percentage points from four years earlier, and is down 5 percentage points from 2011. Weve seen a continuous decline in teacher satisfaction, Dana Markow, vice president of youth and education research for pollster Harris Interactive,à told the Huffington Posts Joy Resmovits. Harris Interactive conducted the poll for MetLife. The survey shows that half (51 percent) of teachers report feeling under great stress several days a week, which is an increase of 15 percentage points over 1985. The survey does not break down responses by state, but its no secret that teachers in Wisconsin have been under stress. Many joined massive protests at the Capitol in 2011 when Gov. Scott Walker introduced Act 10 ââ¬âà his bill that stripped collective bargaining rights from most public employees. The combination of diminished bargaining rights and reduced funds for education in Walkers first biennial budget led to increased employee benefit payments,à a wave of teacher retirementsà and alsoà put many school districts under financial pressure. The combination of that, plus increasing demands for school and teacher accountability, led one teacher in Whitefish Bay to tearfully tell her school board last week that she is resigning. In aà widely shared story on Whitefish Bay Now, high school math teacher Christine Kiefer was quoted saying: I love teaching kids and I love the kids families and I love my colleagues and I love Whitefish Bay, but I cannot wait any longer. I cant stay at a job that sacrifices all my time for my own family ââ¬â at least two hours every school night and between six to 12 hours every weekend ââ¬â time after the bell rings, time that produces such good results when there is no good faith effort on the part of the district to pay what I am worth, to pay me what you would probably have to pay an equivalent replacement for me. In the article, a Whitefish Bay School Board member told Kiefer they have little power to improve matters because so many key decisions are made at the state level. Two years ago, the article said, the state cut the districts funding by $2 million. Our hands are tied, School Board Member Cheryl Maranto said. I know the reason we are surviving is because of what happened to your pay and benefits. Read more:à http://host. madison. com/news/local/education/local_schools/job-satisfaction-for-teachers-at-record-low-survey-shows/article_063b0866-7c45Abstract:à à à à à à Work plays a prominent role in our lives. It occupies more time than any other single activity and it provides the economic basis for our lifestyle. Satisfactionà with work orà jobà is generally defined as the employeeââ¬â¢s general attitude towards his or herà job, management and the organization. It is often believed that teaching is a noble profession andà teachersà enter the teaching profession for intrinsic factors which encompass the opportunities for professional advancement, personal and professional challenges, professional autonomy, interactions with colleagues and interactions with students. The present study was conducted to understand whether the perception ofà jobà satisfactionà amongà teachersà is affected by the typeà oforganization (private versus government) and the gender (male versus female). The findingsà ofà this study indicated that the government schoolà teachersà appeared to be more satisfied than the private schoolà teachers, though there was no significant difference in theà jobà satisfactionà ofà male and female teachers. -11e2-bf7c-001a4bcf887a. html#ixzz2MToVGRxsJOB SATISFACTION IN TEACHERS JADE A. YEZZI, ANDà DAVIDLESTER [pic] Read More:à http://www. amsciepub. om/doi/abs/10. 2466/pr0. 2000. 87. 3. 776Teachers decision participation, school climate, sense of efficacy, andà jobà satisfactionà have increased in importance in recent years. Using a national data set, the authors of the present study explored the dimensionality of these variables and their interrelationships. Regression analyses were performed to pre dictà teachers sense of efficacy andà jobà satisfactionà from decision participation and school climate. Aspects of school climate emerged as stronger predictors ofà jobsatisfactionà than did the elements of decision participation. Strongest among these school climate dimensions were the lack of obstacles to teaching and principal leadership. Similarly, the best predictors ofà teachers sense of efficacy were the dimensions of school climate referred to as faculty communication and the lack of obstacles to teaching. Contrary to predictions, dimensions of decision participation didPresent thought and action relating to satisfaction and motivation of teachers appear to he based on the assumption that job factors which satisfy teachers and job factors which dissatisfy teachers are arranged on a conceptual continuum. This paper tests an alternate assumption which was proposed by Frederick Herzbcrg and his associates. Herzberg suggests that job factors which satisfy workers and job factors which dissatisfy workers are not arranged on a conceptual continuum but are mutually exclusive. The findings of the study reported here revealed that some factors, reported by teachers as contributing to their job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, were polar in a positive direction and other factors were polar in a negative direction. Achievement, recognition and responsibility were factors which contributed predominantly to teacher job satisfaction. Interpersonal relations (students), interpersonal relations (peers), ââ¬Å"supervision technicalâ⬠, school policy and administration, unfairness, status and personal life were factors which contributed predominantly to teacher dissatisfaction. Further, the satisfaction factors identified for teachers tend to focus on the work itself and the dissatisfaction factors tend to focus on the conditions of work. The results of this study tend to support the universality of Herzbergs findings. not emerge as best predictors of eitherà teachers sense of efficacy orjobà satisfaction. Present thought and action relating to satisfaction and motivation of teachers appear to he based on the assumption that job factors which satisfy teachers and job factors which dissatisfy teachers are arranged on a conceptual continuum. This paper tests an alternate assumption which was proposed by Frederick Herzbcrg and his associates. Herzberg suggests that job factors which satisfy workers and job factors which dissatisfy workers are not arranged on a conceptual continuum but are mutually exclusive. The findings of the study reported here revealed that some factors, reported by teachers as contributing to their job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, were polar in a positive direction and other factors were polar in a negative direction. Achievement, recognition and responsibility were factors which contributed predominantly to teacher job satisfaction. Interpersonal relations (students), interpersonal relations (peers), ââ¬Å"supervision technicalâ⬠, school policy and administration, unfairness, status and personal life were factors which contributed predominantly to teacher dissatisfaction. Further, the satisfaction factors identified for teachers tend to focus on the work itself and the dissatisfaction factors tend to focus on the conditions of work. The results of this study tend to support the universality of Herzbergs findings. This report describes U. S. K-12 teachers satisfaction with teaching as a career and identifies some workplace-related factors associated with satisfaction. Factors examined include school and workplace characteristics, teacher background, salary, and other benefits. Results are presented in three sections. The first section describes satisfaction levels of teachers with different background characteristics, teaching in different types of schools and school systems, with different perceptions of workplace conditions, and receiving different levels of compensation. The second section contrasts characteristics of most and least satisfied teachers. Using multivariate analysis, the third section describes the strength of association between teacher satisfaction and those workplace conditions open to policy changes after accounting for other relevant teacher and school characteristics. Findings indicate that working conditions related to satisfaction are administrative support and leadership, student behavior, and school atmosphere. Compensation is only modestly related to teacher satisfactioSignificantly, job satisfaction and motivation are very essential to the continuing growth of educational systems around the world and they rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, center competencies, educational resources as well as strategies, in genuinely determining educational success and performance. This study assessed the differences and relationship between the level of teachersââ¬â¢ job satisfaction, motivation and their teaching performance in Rivers State of Nigeria. A questionnaire titled ââ¬ËTEJOSAMOQââ¬â¢ was used to collect data for the study. While the data for the study was analyzed using multiple statistical procedures: mean point value, standard deviation, and variance, t-test of significance and One-way-analysis of variance (ANOVA). The survey results revealed that teacher related sources of job satisfaction seem to have a greater impact on teaching performance, as teachers are also dissatisfiedwith the educational policies and administration, pay and fringe benefits, material rewards and advancement. Background to the Study The relevance of job satisfaction and motivation are very crucial to the long-term growth of any educational system around the world. They probably rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, center competencies, educational resources and strategies as the veritable determinants of educational success and performance. Professional knowledge, skills and center competencies occur when one feels effective in oneââ¬â¢s behavior. In other words, professional knowledge, skills and competencies can be seen when one is taking on and mastering challenging tasks directed at educational success and performance (Filak Sheldon, 2003). The above factors are closely similar to efficacy, and, of course, it is well known that many teachers lose or fail to develop self-efficacy within educational settings (Dweck, 1999). In addition, needs satisfaction and motivation to work are very essential in the lives of teachers because they form the fundamental reason for working in life. While almost every teacher works in order to satisfy his or her needs in life, he or she constantly agitates for need satisfaction. Job satisfaction in this context is the ability of the teaching job to meet teachersââ¬â¢ needs and improve their job/teaching performance. However, it is assumed that teachersââ¬â¢ agitations and demands are beyond the resources of the Ministry of Education or the government. As a result, the government in Nigeria and the Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) are in a constant stand-off over the increase in salaries, benefits, and improvements in working conditions of teachers. The federal and state governments have argued that the present economic realities in the country cannot sustain the demanded increase in salaries, benefits, and improvements in working conditions. Specifically they argue that teachersââ¬â¢ demands are beyond the governmentresources. Another problem is the governmentââ¬â¢s position concerning the job performance of the teachers; they accuse the teachers of negligence, laziness, purposeful lethargy, and lack of dedication and zeal to work. They further argue that teachersââ¬â¢ level of efficiency and effectiveness does not necessitate the constant request for salary increase, incentives and better working conditions. While teachers on their part argue that the existing salary structure, benefits and working conditions do not satisfy their basic needs in as much as other sectors of the economy have bigger salary structure, better motivation and enhanced working conditions. They feel Nigeriaââ¬â¢s economy is not properly balanced, hence, their demands. The teachersââ¬â¢ argument is in line with Adamsââ¬â¢ (1963) equity theory of motivation. Adamsââ¬â¢ Equity Theory calls for a fair balance to be struck between employeesââ¬â¢ inputs (e. g. , hard work, skill levels, tolerance, and enthusiasm) and employeesââ¬â¢ outputs (e. g. , salary, benefits, and intangibles such asrecognition). According to the theoryââ¬â¢s finding, a fair balance serves to ensure a strong and productive relationship with the employees, with the overall result being satisfied, thus motivated employees. The theory is built-on the belief that employees become demotivated, both in relation to their job and their employer, if they feel as though their inputs are greater than the outputs. Employees can be expected to respond to this is different ways, including de-motivation (generally to the extent the employee perceives the disparity between the inputs and the outputs exist), reduced effort, becoming disgruntled, or, in more extreme cases, perhaps even disruptive (http://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newLDR_96. tm) Teachers are expected to render a very high job performance, and the Ministry of Education is always curious regarding the job performance of its teachers. Also, the Ministry of Education demands a very high measure of loyalty, patriotism, dedication, hard work and commitment from its teachers (Ubom Joshua, 2004). Similarly, the roles and contexts of educationsââ¬â¢ motivational methods and tools cannot be underemphasized because high motivation enhances productivit y which is naturally in the interests of all educational systems (Ololube 2004, 2005). The overall purpose of the study was to explore and explain job satisfaction and teachersââ¬â¢ work motivation in relation to Nigerian teachersââ¬â¢ needs satisfaction for school effectiveness. The primary purpose of the present research was to test these ideas in the education environment, using teachersââ¬â¢ job and need satisfaction ratings as the dependent variables and teachersââ¬â¢ background information as the independent variables. To a large extent, this work is built on the theoretical frameworks of scholars like Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman (1959) and Maslow (1943, 1970). The research hypotheses and objectives of this research were made to order for the study of Nigerian teachersââ¬â¢ job satisfaction, with the view of ascertaining the degree to which intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation impact them in their work situation. The relevance and intrigue of this research may be seen in how far it supports or refutes prior claims about job satisfaction and motivation amongst Nigerian teachers and, if possible, teachers around the world. Prominently, Nigerian teachers referred to in this study are secondary school teachers. In addition, the job and needs satisfactions of the Nigerian teachers werecompared with the findings from similar studies both within and outside the field of education. For example, Adams (1963), Denga (1996), Filak and Sheldon (2003), Hoppock (1993), MaKenna (2000), Michaelowa (2002), Reis et al. (2000), Robbins (1998), Roe (1970), Sheldon et al. (2001), Sheldon, Ryan, and Reis (1996), Ubom (2001), Ubom and Joshua (2004), Vroom (1964), and Whawo (1993) were consulted in order to establish the extent of variability or association that may exist across their findings. Finally, the empirical findings from this study would help in describing or explaining the pivotal role of motivation on the needs satisfaction of Nigerian teachersââ¬â¢ in line with other theories that are reviewed in this work. However, the emphasis of this research is on the need-based or content theories, with a glance at process and reinforcement theories. The questionnaire developed and used to gather data for this study borrows from similar works on motivation and need satisfaction by authors like Maslow (1943, 1970), Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman (1959), Ifinedo (2003) and many others. In particular, this research paper is written for education planners, policy makers, educators, academics and human resource development and strategic managersinterested in empirical information methods to conceptualise the issue raised in this study and provide them with useful suggestions that might help them improve secondary schooling in Nigeria. Multiple audiences exist for any text, thus it is my intention that the academic community will also find this paper a useful addition to school effectiveness and school improvement literature. Theoretical Perspectives and Literature Review Employee job satisfaction and motivation can be studied through several broad approaches vis-a-vis content or need based theories, process theories and reinforcement theories. However, the term employee motivation is a complex and difficult term to define; therefore a precise definition of this concept is elusive as the notion comprises the characteristics of individual and situation as well as the perception of that situation by the individual (Ifinedo 2003; Rosenfeld Wilson 1999). An organizationââ¬â¢s liveliness, whether public or private, comes from the motivation of its employees, although their abilities play just as crucial a role in determining their work performance their motivation (Lewis, Goodman Fandt 1995). Golembiewski (1973, p. 597) refers to motivation as the degree of readiness of an organization to pursue some designated goal and implies the determination of the nature and locus of the forces inducing the degree of readiness. To Kelly (1974, p. 279), motivation has to do with the forces that maintain and alter the direction, quality and intensity of behavior. According to Hoy and Miskel (1987, p. 176), employee motivation is the complex forces, drives, needs, tension states, or other mechanisms that start and maintain voluntary activity directed towards the achievement of personal goals. In short, Dessler (2001) defined motivation as the intensity of a personââ¬â¢s desire to engage in some activity. From the above definitions some issues are brought to mind that deal with what starts and energizes human behavior, how those forces are directed and sustained as well as the outcomes they bring about (performance). It follows therefore that there is a relationship between motivation and job satisfaction, which is paramount in any organizationââ¬â¢s existence. However, the concepts of motivation and job satisfaction are often confused with one another. Peretomode (1991) citing Gibson, et al. pointed out that the two terms are related but are not synonymous. They acknowledged that job satisfaction is one part of the motivational process. While motivation is primarily concerned with goal-directed behavior, job satisfaction refers to the fulfillment acquired by experiencing various job activities and rewards. It is possible that an employee may display low motivation from the organizationââ¬â¢s perspective yet enjoy every aspect of the job. This state represents high job satisfaction. Peretomode (1991, p. 113) also argued that a highly motivated employee might also be dissatisfied with every aspect of his or her job. Ifinedo (2003) demonstrated that a motivated worker is easy to spot by his or her agility, dedication, enthusiasm, focus, zeal, and general performance and contribution to organizational objectives and goals. Need-based Approach or Content theory Several factors are believed to influence a personââ¬â¢s desire to perform work or behave in a certain way. The need-based theories explained these desires; they explained motivation primarily as a phenomenon that occurs intrinsically, or within an individual. We can widely recognize two need-based theorists and their theories: Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg et al. ââ¬â¢s two factor theory. Abraham Maslowââ¬â¢s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslowââ¬â¢s (1943, 1970) need-based theory of motivation is the most seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-41279379596289074762020-03-11T00:53:00.001-07:002020-03-11T00:53:01.871-07:00Brief History and Geography of TibetBrief History and Geography of Tibet The Tibetan Plateau is a huge region of southwestern China consistently above 4000 meters. This region that was a thriving independent kingdom that began in the eighth century and developed into an independent country in the twentieth century is now under the firm control of China. Persecution of the Tibetan people and their practice of Buddhism is widely reported. History Tibet closed its borders to foreigners in 1792, keeping the British of India (Tibets southwestern neighbor) at bay until the British desire for a trade route with China caused them to take Tibet by force in 1903. In 1906 the British and Chinese signed a peace treaty that gave Tibet to the Chinese. Five years later, the Tibetans expelled the Chinese and declared their independence, which lasted until 1950. In 1950, shortly after Mao Zedongs communist revolution, China invaded Tibet. Tibet pleaded for assistance from the United Nations, the British, and the newly independent Indians for assistance to no avail. In 1959 a Tibetan uprising was squelched by the Chinese and the leader of the theocratic Tibetan government, the Dalai Lama, fled to Dharamsala, India and created a government-in-exile. China administered Tibet with a firm hand, prosecuting Tibetan Buddhists and destroying their places of worship, especially during the time of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). After Maos death in 1976, the Tibetans gained limited autonomy although many of the Tibetan government officials installed were of Chinese nationality. The Chinese government has administered Tibet as the Autonomous Region of Tibet (Xizang) since 1965. Many Chinese have been financially encouraged to move to Tibet, diluting the effect of the ethnic Tibetans. Its likely that the Tibetans will become a minority in their land within a few years. The total population of Xizang is approximately 2.6 million. Additional uprisings occurred throughout the next few decades and martial law was imposed upon Tibet in 1988. The Dalai Lamas efforts to work with China toward solving problems to bring peace to Tibet earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989. Through the work of the Dalai Lama, the United Nations has called upon China to consider giving the Tibetan people a right to self-determination. In recent years, China has been spending billions to improve the economical outlook for Tibet by encouraging tourism and trade to the region. The Potala, the former seat of the Tibetan government and the home of the Dalai Lama is a major attraction in Lhasa. Culture The Tibetan culture is an ancient one that includes the Tibetan language and a specific Tibetan style of Buddhism. Regional dialects vary across Tibet so the Lhasa dialect has become the Tibetan lingua franca. Industry Industry was non-existent in Tibet prior to the Chinese invasion and today small industries are located in the capital of Lhasa (2000 population of 140,000) and other towns. Outside of cities, the indigenous Tibetan culture is comprised primarily of nomads, farmers (barley and root vegetables are primary crops), and forest dwellers. Due to the cold dry air of Tibet, grain can be stored for up to 50 to 60 years and butter (yak butter is the perennial favorite) can be stored for a year. Disease and epidemics are rare on the dry high plateau, which is surrounded by the worlds tallest mountains, including Mount Everest in the south. Geography Though the plateau is rather dry and receives an average of 18 inches (46 cm) of precipitation each year, the plateau is the source for major rivers of Asia, including the Indus River. Alluvial soils comprise the terrain of Tibet. Due to the high altitude of the region, the seasonal variation in temperature is rather limited and the diurnal (daily) variation is more important- the temperature in Lhasa can range as much as -2 F to 85 F (-19 C to 30 C). Sandstorms and hailstorms (with hail of tennis-ball size) are problems in Tibet. (A special classification of spiritual magicians was once paid to ward off the hail.) Thus, the status of Tibet remains in question. Will the culture be diluted by the influx of Chinese or will Tibet once again become Free and independent? seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-7158453160384651372020-02-23T15:17:00.001-08:002020-02-23T15:17:02.975-08:00Answering a question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsAnswering a question - Assignment Example The sentences have been very badly constructed. While reading at the first glance it seems the writer will send the most important work to whom he is interacting with by the 25th of March but after close reading I penetrated that your most important work is just a title of a book. The correct order to write the date is not Mar.25 but either 25 March 2013 or March 25, 2013. The date should be written in full with the year. It is better to always use full form of words in English. Weââ¬â¢re, donââ¬â¢t, didnââ¬â¢t etc are not acceptable in writing formal English so short forms must be avoided. The two commas in the second last sentence have been wrongly used. Such commas are used when the word just before the first comma needs to be defined or explained. Then again the vocabulary is not right. The word patronage does simply not makes any sense in the last sentence. Though indenting is optional but one should use it to indicate a new paragraph (Jones). I would like to thank you for the order you placed for the six DVDââ¬â¢s. Due to a lot of work lately I will not be able to hold a meeting with you but feel free to email me if you have questions in mind. I will send you the DVDââ¬â¢s for Performance Appraisal that really improves Performance, Hiring Employees and Your most Important Work by the 25th of March. You will also receive a booklet with your purchase that will contain instructions on how to go about using the DVD. We want you to be 100% satisfied with the products you receive from us. These booklets might also come handy when your organization plans to conduct a workshop or house seminar. Inside the package you will also find our new catalogue that includes information about fifty new DVDs on training. Like with all our training materials, these DVDs carry a 30 day no question asked return policy. Thank you for your order. We very much appreciate your interest in working with seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-14230390785215052642020-02-07T08:05:00.001-08:002020-02-07T08:05:03.380-08:00The Representation of gender roles and marriage Research PaperThe Representation of gender roles and marriage - Research Paper Example For language, as well as being a vehicle for communication, is also power. The author and psychoanalyst Eva Hoffman, who left her native Poland to complete her education in Canada and the USA, and who now practices as a psychoanalyst in London, writes about the relationship between language and identity in her autobiography Lost in Translation: Life in a New Language: I was also delighted to be asked to speak at a conference marking the 60th anniversary of the host organization, Relate. My association with Relate goes back even further than that with the Commission, and I am a firm admirer of the contribution it makes nationally to trying to improve communication between women and men through its work with troubled marriages. Talk therapy does offer the chance of finding one's voice, discovering a new language in which difficult matters can be talked about, and repossessing one's identity. Relate may not have thought of itself as a language school, but it is in the business of offering interpretive services. In that, it shares an enterprise with the work of my own organization, the Tavistock Marital Studies Institute, which also celebrated an important occasion in 1998-its 50th anniversary. Both organizations are concerned with whether and how women and men talk to each other. Not far from where I live in Hertfordshire is the village of Ayot St Lawrence. One of this little village's claims to fame is that the playwright George Bernard Shaw used to live there. His best-known play is probably Pygmalion, a quintessentially English drama about the divisions of class and gender, and one made popular by the musical My Fair Lady. The plot revolves around a bet, made by a dialectician, Professor Henry Higgins, that he can train a market girl, Eliza Dolittle, to speak and act in ways that would allow her to be passed off as aristocracy. In trying to eliminate the linguistic indicators of class, Higgins becomes increasingly frustrated by the differences of gender that he encounters. One plaintive, immortalized line from the musical, pleads `Why can't a woman be more like a man?'. The boot today is on the other foot. When it comes to communication, the exasperated cry is now `Why can't a man be more like a woman?'. You hear it in the consulting rooms of counsellors a nd therapists, in research reports on family life, and in media discussions on gender relations. The questions now are `why do men stonewall?', `why can't they talk about their feelings?', `why are they so orientated towards activities?' In an age where companionability is the primary expectation of marriage and partnership, men tend to get the blame for not delivering. Their 'failure' to communicate is taken as a key reason why marriages break down. They are no longer needed to bring home the bacon, nor even to provide the socially accepted framework of marriage for conceiving and raising children, and women are asking themselves what they need men for. Men, on the other hand, are facing a decline in their market, social and biological value. As if to underline the point, sperm levels are falling in our increasingly oestrogen-ridden environment, and even male delivery systems have proved inferior (at least, in terms of efficiency) to those carried out in the hospital laboratory. Th e recent explosion of interest in the male potency drug, Viagra, tells its own story. Is this story just of `Boy's seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-25382299853757219392020-01-29T06:22:00.001-08:002020-01-29T06:22:03.431-08:00How It Feel to Be Colored Me and How to Tame a Wild Tongue Essay Example for Free How It Feel to Be Colored Me and How to Tame a Wild Tongue Essay Sometimes we know who and what we are, but itââ¬â¢s impossible to wear an identity without becoming what we pretend to be or bullied into silence allowing ourselves to be made a victim to oppression. In this essay Iââ¬â¢m comparing the authors of ââ¬Å"How it Feel to Be Colored Me by Zora Hurston, and How to Tame a Wild Tongue by Gloria Anzaldua. Gloria Anzaldua became a victim of oppression by accepting society expectations of the Chicano culture. Meanwhile, Zora Hurston accepted who she is despite who people perceived her as because of her skin color. These two authors defends their personal identities through their cultures in separate ways. In the story How to Tame a Wild Tongue, Gloria Anzaldua feels that the way someone is cannot be controlled it can only be erased; she states ââ¬Å"Wild tongues canââ¬â¢t be tamed, they can only be cut outâ⬠(Page 31). Anzaldua was against losing her accent and had an issue with putting her first language as a second. She would rebel as a child when told not to speak Spanish, so she struggled with changing and adapting to the American culture. She believed her culture the ââ¬Å"Chicanoâ⬠culture needed to differ from others with a secret language they can be able to communicate amongst each other. ââ¬Å"Chicano Spanish need to identify ourselves as a distinct people. We needed a language which we could communicate with ourselves, a secret languageâ⬠(Page 32). By creating their own slang allows them to connect their identity and communicate reality, values, and things they have in common. Yet, Zora Hurston in the story ââ¬Å"How it feels to be Colored Meâ⬠expresses the way she was created doesnââ¬â¢t bother her nor makes her sadden. ââ¬Å"I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I donââ¬â¢t mind at all (Page 145).â⬠Unlike other colored people she doesnââ¬â¢t hate herself for the color of her skin, sheââ¬â¢s proud to be created as the person she is without regret. Although, sheââ¬â¢s constantly reminded of her culture background it fails to bring her integrity down, because ancestors paid the price of her free start in society, and shouldnââ¬â¢t stop to reflect on choices that wasnââ¬â¢t hers. ââ¬Å"Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the grand-daughter of slaves. It fails to register depression with me. I am off to a flying start and must I not halt to look back and weep. Slavery is the price I paid for civilization, and the choice was not with meâ⬠(Pages 145-146). Zora Hurston doesnââ¬â¢t consider herself a part of her culture who uses their skin color for a bad excuse for why theyââ¬â¢re in negative life situations. ââ¬Å"I do not belong to the sobbing school of Negrohood who holds that nature somehow has given them a lowdown dirty deal and whose feelings are hurt about it (Page 145). seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-12160101159157881192020-01-21T02:46:00.001-08:002020-01-21T02:46:02.871-08:00Automotive Fuel Vehicles :: essays research papers INCENTIVES AND LAWS The main federal incentives for the purchase or conversion of individual alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) are the federal income tax deductions of $2,000-$50,000 for clean fuel vehicles, and the income tax credit of up to $4,000 for electric vehicles (EVs). An income tax deduction is also available for the installation of refueling or recharging facilities for AFVs. Except for the federal tax credits and deductions, most of the federal incentives are programmatic grants oriented toward large investments such as infrastructure and larger purchases. The lead federal agencies for AFV programs are the U.S. Department of Treasury (i.e., IRS), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Federal Tax Deduction This is a deduction for clean fuel vehicles and certain refueling properties. A tax deduction for the purchase of a new original equipment manufacturer (OEM) qualified clean fuel vehicle, or for the conversion of a vehicle to use a clean-burning fuel, is provided under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct), Public Law-102-486, Title XIX-Revenue Provisions, Sec. 179A. Electric Vehicle Tax Credit.A tax credit for the purchase of qualified EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is provided under EPAct Public Law-102-486, . The size of the credit is 10% of the cost of the vehicle, up to a maximum credit of $4,000. Beginning in 2001, the size of the credit is reduced by 25% per year until the credit is fully phased out. To qualify for the credit, the vehicle must be powered primarily by an electric motor. Clean Cities Program DOE's Clean Cities Program coordinates voluntary efforts between locally based government and industry to accelerate the use of alternative fuels and expand AFV refueling infrastructure. Federal Incentives EPAct establishes an incentive program for the purchase of AFVs and conversion of conventional gasoline vehicles to alternative fuels. Through federal tax incentives, companies and private individuals can offset a portion of the incremental costs associated with the purchase or conversion of an AFV. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 The Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed in 1970 to improve air quality nationwide. Congress amended the law in 1990, passing the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) and thus creating several initiatives to reinforce one of the original goals of the CAA to reduce mobile source pollutants. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-65790803095450684942020-01-12T23:10:00.001-08:002020-01-12T23:10:04.570-08:00Philosophy of Ernest Nagel from a First Person EssayOne burning and enduring problem in philosophy to which we have given considerable examination is the question of the existence of Godââ¬âthe superlative being that philosophers have defined and dealt with for centuries. After reading the classic arguments of St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas, the contentious assertions of Ernest Nagel, and the compelling eyewitness accounts of Julian of Norwich, I have been introduced to some of the most revered and referenced arguments for and against Godââ¬â¢s existence that have been put into text. All of them are well-thought and well-articulated arguments, but they have their holes. The question of Godââ¬â¢s true existence, therefore, is still not definitively answered and put to rest; the intensity of this debate probably never will mitigate. Many theologians and academics honestly admit that no matter what any philosopher may assert regarding this topic, whether or not a certain person believes in Godââ¬â¢s existence is a questio n of faith and nothing more. I am naturally inclined, then, even after reading the heavyweight philosophers of religion, to ponder this pressing issue. After all, what one person may gather out of serious consideration of this problem could totally alter his or her life. Even though I have been raised in the Episcopal Christian faith and have attended church regularly, I have never really taken the time to scrutinize the very existence of a being I have been worshipping for my whole childhood. Reading the famed selections in this course has alerted my attention to the topic, and this major philosophical problem continues to eschew my understanding. One would think that, because I have been raised a Christian and have been exposed to the doctrine and theory of Christianity, I would quickly lean toward the arguments for God and be more easily persuaded by them, hoping to find a defense for spending nearly every Sunday morning in the chancel at church. Actually, I am not automatically persuaded toward the theist position thanks to an atheist argument; the philosopher whom we have examined this semester who complicates this issue for me is Ernest Nagel, an atheist professor who wrote an outstanding defense of atheism. I found that his defense made atheism appear a much more attractive way to think than any theistic religion. I was not impressed, though, with his contentions againstà the Ontological Argument of St. Anselm, and thus I refrain for now from venturing to the atheist way. Because of Nagel, I now have ambivalence towards believing in God, even though reading his work did not change my broader belief. One object of heated debate between convinced believers in God and convinced atheists is the Problem of Pain or Theodicy Problem, which asks how evil and suffering can exist in the world if an all-powerful and all-good God is overseeing what happens in his world. There are a few arguments that theists have constructed defending Godââ¬â¢s existence in spite of this obvious conflict between doctrine and reality. Some of them, even though they have become classic arguments, are ridiculous; for example, Nagel confronts the argument stating that ââ¬Å"the things called evil are evil only because they are viewed in isolation; they are not evil when viewed in proper perspective and in relation to the rest of creationâ⬠(605). This argument can be easily destroyed by a man of reason, and Nagel does so mainly by holding that ââ¬Å"it is irrelevant to argue that were we something other than what we are, our evaluations of what is good and bad would be differentâ⬠(606). Calling the argument ââ¬Å"unsupported speculation,â⬠(606) Nagel easily downturns this faulty response to the Theodicy Problem. What I found most admirable about this section of Nagelââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Philosophical Concepts of Atheismâ⬠was his own solution to the problemââ¬âsimply that it cannot be resolved: ââ¬Å"I do not believe it is possible to reconcile the alleged omnipotence and omnibenevolence of God with the unvarnished facts of human existenceâ⬠(606). Since Nagel has demonstrated that the Theodicy Problem cannot be taken down, it remains a solid argument for atheists and a very good disproof of the existence of an all-good, all-powerful God. I have not seen a response to this problem so effectively stated, honest, and convincing. Nagelââ¬â¢s arguments concerning the Theodicy Problem show that atheists think in a much more straightforward and practical fashion than do theists. The way Nagel uses the words ââ¬Å"unvarnished facts of human existenceâ⬠(606) leads to another attractive element to atheism and to his workââ¬âNagel appeals to the earthly life, and only the earthly life, in describing how atheists think. Instead of reaching out to another world or deity that doesà not even certainly exist, atheists ââ¬Å"often take as their ideal the intellectual methods employed in the contemporaneous empirical sciencesâ⬠(607). Because atheists use empirical evidence obtained through science, i.e. use evidence that certainly exists and can be sensed, all of the thinking they do is based solely on what clearly and distinctly exists in reality. To atheists, says Nagel, ââ¬Å"controlled sensory observation is the court of final appeal in issues concerning matters of factâ⬠(608). Not all of theist thinking is based on something that is proved to exist, since God has not been absolutely proved to be, so the essential base of the theist thoug ht is composed of supposition and theory. Atheists simply ground their logic in what is certainly known, and no assumptions found their reasoning. Even in matters of human morals, atheists think practically: ââ¬Å"The conceptions of the human good [atheists] have advocated are conceptions which are commensurate with the actual capacities of mortal men, so that it is the satisfaction of the complex needs of the human creature which is the final standard for evaluating the validity of a moral ideal or moral prescriptionâ⬠(608). Nagel also excellently applies practicality to atheism in the way he describes ââ¬Å"the stress upon a good life that must be consummated in this worldâ⬠(608). Nagel dismisses the need of ââ¬Å"some unrealizable other-worldly idealâ⬠(608) so well that atheism appears supremely attractive among all the other religious modes of thought. Since Nagel implements practicality so well and perpetuates the question of the Theodicy Problem in ââ¬Å"Philosophical Concepts of Atheism,â⬠I found not only Nagelââ¬â¢s text, but also the atheist way very reasonable (literally) and intellectually striking. While Nagel superbly makes atheism appear much more attractive as a way of thinking than a theist religion because of its practicality and direct method of reason, I do not think he deals with St. Anselmââ¬â¢s argument for Godââ¬â¢s existence well enough. Nagel refutes Anselmââ¬â¢s Ontological Argument by saying, ââ¬Å"the word ââ¬Ëexistenceââ¬â¢ does not signify any attributeâ⬠(601). I starkly disagree with this position. I think, as does Renà © Descartes, that existence in reality is a descriptor. When we, for example, reflect upon the life of one who has died, we experience that person as he or she exists in our understanding and in our imagination by remembering him or her; althoughà this individual is no longer existing in reality, he or she still exists, but on another plane of being. I am aware that this is, indeed, a highly debatable topic, but I am quite convinced that existence is an attribute, and thus I find that Anselmââ¬â¢s assertions withsta nd Nagelââ¬â¢s assaults. Even though the fact that atheists are practical, down-to-earth thinkers attracts me, I am still not convinced that God does not exist. For the time being, then, I will retain my theistic beliefs and remain a churchgoer, even though I now have ambivalence toward theism. I am not convinced that God does not exist because of some other reflections, shared especially by many within the scientific community. My current beliefs regarding Godââ¬â¢s existence, those that I find more convincing than even the Ontological Argument, follow an deductive chain of reasoning; the argument I support most is the near impossibility that everything in creation came about by accident. The chances for molecules and cells, the very building blocks of the incredibly intricate natural creation, to come together entirely by themselves are so extremely slim that it is hard to believe that the world and all that lives in it are products of chance. The fact that the planet Earth is in exactly the right spot in space to support life, the fact that there are just the right amounts of chemicals and substances to sustain biological life on Earth, and the fact that there is only one species with the intellectual firepower to overcome physical inferiorities and become the ruling class of organisms on the planet all contribute to the suspicion that there may be a certain genius that planned out this harmonious structure of life. This is a tough argument for atheists to refute, but then again, it still could have been chanceââ¬âit still could have been that one in a billion trillion times that happened. With that in mind, a great secondary argument is Anselmââ¬â¢s Ontological Argument, a piece of reasoning I think both Nagel and Gaunilo fail to overcome. If it ever is overcome, I may begin to take steps across the bridge to the atheist way. Work Cited: Cahn, Steven M., Patricia Kutcher, George Sher, and Peter J. Markie, eds. Reason at Work: Introductory Readings in Philosophy. 3rd Ed. Florence, KY: Thomson Learning, Inc., 1996. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-8906774384026432292020-01-04T19:32:00.001-08:002020-01-04T19:32:03.583-08:00Socrates s The Apology And Crito - 2035 Words 1. In the Apology and Crito, Socrates explains his reasoning, stating that it is better to be wronged, than to do wrong. Socrates was explaining to Crito than even though in their opinion that Socrates being put to death is wrong that they cannot do something wrong also. In the Crito one of Socrates main points is that ââ¬Å"Even if your enemies have wronged you, you still have to do the right thingâ⬠. Socrates isnââ¬â¢t rejecting self-defense he rejects the notion of doing something wrong back to the person or the city. One of the many people putting Socrates to death, Meleteus is simply damaging his soul by doing such an injustice. In the Apology Socrates explains Socrates goes on to explain that he is damaging his soul, and if Socrates escapes,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In our own nation, the Boston Tea Party represented a massive act of civil disobedience.â⬠Dr. King is tying the practice of civil disobedience that he was currently doing to past examples and showed that it was necessary at the time. By civil disobedience Dr.King doesnââ¬â¢t mean anything with physical violence, he simply means disobeying the rules that are set in place. 3. In the sense that King and his organization promotes nonviolent action. He and his team believe that the strongest way to promote their message is to not retaliate to the backlash that they receive. Dr. King states in his letter that ââ¬Å"Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issueâ⬠. Dr. King had followed in the footsteps of Socrates and also Mohandas Gandhi which had both portrayed that non-violence is the way to get your point across and fighting fire with fire is never the answer. Part 2 1. In the Crito, Socrates explains that oneââ¬â¢s moral duty to obey the law has many reasoning. An interesting explanation he had given that one has the responsibility to their city even if they think that the city is treating them unfairly. Socrates explains to Crito, that him being born in the city (Athens) and living there until he is seventy he has taken on an agreement to be a citizen and follow their rules and regulations even if he disagrees with it. Socrates asks CritoShow MoreRelatedSocrates s The Apology And Crito2040 Words à |à 9 PagesIn 1. the Apology and Crito, Socrates explains his reasoning stating that it is better to be wronged, than to do wrong. 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Of the nine world views covered in class, I will delve into my interpretation of four of them as seen through the various sources that we have been exposed to in class. These four world views willRead MoreComparison Between Crito and Apology1661 Words à |à 7 PagesComparison between Crito and Apology For these two articles that we read in Crito and Apology by Plato, we could know Socrates is an enduring person with imagination, because he presents us with a mass of contradictions: Most eloquent men, yet he never wrote a word; ugliest yet most profoundly attractive; ignorant yet wise; wrongfully convicted, yet unwilling to avoid his unjust execution. Behind these conundrums is a contradiction less often explored: Socrates is at once the most Athenian, mostRead MorePlato: Normative Ethical Theory1077 Words à |à 5 Pagesterms that focus on the moral agent. These thinkers are interested in what constitutes, e.g., a just person. They are concerned about the state of mind and character, the set of values, the attitudes to oneself and to others, and the conception of one s own place in the common life of a community that belong to just persons simply insofar as they are just. A modern might object that this way of proceeding is backwards. Just actions are logically prior to just per sons and must be specifiable in advanceRead MorePlato s Life And Accomplishments874 Words à |à 4 Pageswas in his late teens or early twenties he heard Socrates teaching, he was so impressed with his teachings that changed his plans to pursue a literary career as a playwright; he destroyed his early work and devoted himself to philosophy. Plato studied philosophy, which means ââ¬Å"love of wisdomâ⬠under the guidance of Socrates for the next nine years. Socrates taught by a conversational method, analyzing everything, which was known as dialectic. Socrates had his students find logic in most of their topics seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-7807334362189032842019-12-27T15:58:00.001-08:002019-12-27T15:58:03.006-08:00Dr Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And Salih s Season Of... The unpleasant and painful experience of colonialism in Africa has great effects on almost all faces of life such as language, education, religion, popular culture and the like. Colonial and post-colonial novels in Africa have therefore become unusual weapons used to change the European idea about the third world peoples and to illustrate how the European colonizer could create unequal relations of power, based on binary oppositions such as ââ¬Å"Firstââ¬âworldâ⬠and ââ¬Å"thirdââ¬âworldâ⬠; ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠and ââ¬Å"blackâ⬠, ââ¬Å"colonizerâ⬠and ââ¬Å"colonizedâ⬠, etc. This duality can be seen clear in Conradââ¬â¢s Heart of Darkness and Salihââ¬â¢s Season of Migration to the North. Conradââ¬â¢s novel is filled with literal and metaphoric opposites: the Congo and the Thames, black and white, Europe and Africa, good and evil, purity and corruption, civilization and triumphant bestiality , light and the very heart of darkness . It is therefore true to say that the primary concern of most post-colonial African novelists, like Al-Tayyib Salih, Chinua Achebe and others, is to change for better the history of their people which colonialism has taken off or manipulated. The African novel occupies a central position in the criticism of colonial portrayal of the African continent and its people. It grew, in part, from a history of active resistance to the colonial encounter. It has been crossing boundaries and assaulting walls imposed by History upon the horizon of the continent whose aspirations it has been striving to seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-85138021133552377602019-12-19T11:46:00.001-08:002019-12-19T11:46:03.832-08:00Contemporary Adolescence Fiction Encourages Coping,... ââ¬ËContemporary adolescence fiction encourages coping, survival and acceptance.ââ¬â¢ Salinger and Boock both tackle the fears around the question of, ââ¬Å"Who am I going to be, when I become an adult?â⬠The two writers help create, shape and attempt to answer this through the narratives of their characters. The genre of ââ¬ËAdolescent Fictionââ¬â¢ gives the authors the opportunity to sculpt the lives and minds, giving their readers a glimpse or a chance to once again reminsce an age period that almost every human would experience once. Within the adolescent period the individual themselves will go through the motions of confusion, survival or coping, and then finally acceptance. But why not mastery? Salingerââ¬â¢s protagonist Holden in Catcher in the Rye strives so hard to remain in a state of mind where the outside ââ¬ËPhonysââ¬â¢ can not reach him. Boockââ¬â¢s Dare Truth or Promise third- narrative helps her audience to understand the inner turmoil that arises once two teenage girls named Louie and Willa meet for the first time. Three chara cters are in a race against time. Time becomes their enemy and friend within the two selected texts. It is reason why Holden, Louie and Willa are not able to fully master their own personal fears, instead they learn how to cope with what awaits them. In this essay I will be discussing how Boock and Salingerââ¬â¢s work contributed and enhanced the genre of adolescent fiction. Being a pathway between the loss of childhood and the beginnings of adulthood. Adolescence occurs seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-41966741731422006132019-12-11T08:29:00.001-08:002019-12-11T08:29:03.392-08:00Parent Involvement Model â⬠Free Sample Assignment Solution Question: Provide a rationale for your parent involvement model, including an exposition of the theories and research that support the concept that families are young childrens primary teachers, and that family and community involvement are critical to successful early learning. Answer: The role of parents in aiding the development and growth of their children, is immense. Literature supports this notion and the facts are based on assertions that are grounded. The involvement of the parents in the child development has been analysed under three major categories- school based involvement, home based involvement and the parent teacher relationship (Waanders, C., Mendez, J. and Downer, J., 2007). Many parent involvement models have been proposed in order to establish the relationship between the children in their early childhood years and the role of parents in grooming their lives. The involvement of the parents with children is considered effective in terms of yielding positive outcomes. There are many reasons why parents get involved, like to develop a personal construction of the role of the parents in the education of their child, to develop positive sense of efficacy for helping their children progress and succeed in school and lastly, to fulfill the demands of t he schools and the education system that ask for their involvement in the process. Numerous education policy statements as well as the practice guidelines have provided notable consensus about the parents being the childrens first and the most enduring educators (OEDC, 2012). The term partnership is used to describe the relationship between parents and the ECEC (Early Childhood education care) professionals. The major principle underlying the working in partnership theory is that there is equal contribution of each of the parties in the growth and development of the children. According to the Dutch context of the educational partnership, four main aims have been specified- pedagogical, democratic, organizational and enabling (Kernan, M., 2012). The pedagogical aims deal with the interaction between the teachers/ listeners and the parents, sharing their knowledge about the child. The democratic aims give the equal right to all the parents to participate and judge the decisions and po licies of school and also participate either formally or informally in the decision making process about the aims and the developments of the school. The organizational aims enable the parents to provide practical help to organize and implement the activities in and outside school. Lastly, the enablement aims ensure the involvement of both the parents and the professionals, establishing a mutual relationship that caters to the benefits of the child (Kernan, M., 2012). The role of parents and families in the learning outcomes of children, has been studied and much research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of parental involvement and their support in the early learning of the children. The major focus of the research has been the cognitive outcomes (literacy and the language) and the social emotional outcomes (attitudes and behaviour). According to Desforges and others, the parental involvement helps in influencing and therefore, shaping the childs self concept as a learner and through setting high aspirations. Some other researchers have also contributed to the findings and concluded that there are three form of parental capabilities: personal dispositions like warmth, sensitivity and their attitude ; equal and easy access to education services and resources and access to education-related institutions (Lee and Brown, 2006). Goals The most common form of parental model that is found in literature is the one in which the outcomes can be assumed to be governed by selective factors that are strongly related to parents including the sociodemographic variables or parental attitudes. Certain factors that are related to the school often play a major role and these factors include the status variables and the process variables. However, this traditional or conventional model falls short in one major aspect- why do the parents get involved in the education of their children and secondly, how does this involvement yield positive outcomes? The major aims of parent involvement model that we wish to develop here are to involve the parents actively in the process of education of their children, to provide activities and various opportunities that will help the parents to become a part of the school, to provide parent education and the parenting growth tips and other relevant opportunities for getting to know about good parenting, to help the parents of al the children understand the progress of the students and also provide them and offer them ways to receive help in their efforts to improve the progress of their child. And lastly to improve the skills of communication both at home and at school. The expected outcomes of the presented model will be strictly focused on the social, emotional and behavioural aspect of childs development. The behavioural aspect can be studied by studying the involvement of the parents with the homework of the child and other co curricular or classroom activities. This will aid in the academic progress of the child. Secondly, if the parents will get involved with the early years of development of their child, the emotional stability and the social functioning of the child can be enhanced. By allowing discussion of the behavior of the child both in the classroom as well as at home, the behavioural problems will be discussed and the negative impact of the environment of classroom and the teachers can be significantly reduced. Schools are a form of communities that have no bridge to the neighbourhood. Families, on the contrary, reside in the neighbourhood. Often there is little connection among the families, the neighbourhood, schools and each other. But since all these entities affect each other in one or the other way, they need to collaborate at some level. This would eventually help in minimizing the problems and maximizing the results. The collaboration between the family and the school does not only mean simply working together but coordinating together. The basic decisions of the parents involvement are generally influenced by the role of the parents and the construction of this role, the sense of efficacy of the parents that is involved in helping the child, the general school based invitations for the involvement of the parents and lastly the general child invitations for the involvement of the parents. Although the major aim of the model is to explore the fact that the involvement of the parents should be encouraged, the intent is to explain the process of involvement and evaluation of its influence according to which the parental and educational practice (Nokali, N., bachman, H. and Drzal, E., 2010). The parent involvement model comprises of five main levels. The first level of the model deals with the decision of the basic involvement of the parents and this decision is governed by the role construction of the parents, their sense of efficacy in helping the child, the invitations for the involvement by the school and the child invitations for involvement. The second level of the model deals with the parents choice of involvement forms and this is influenced by many factors like the skills and knowledge of the parents, other demands on the time and energy of the parents and the specific invitations from the school and the child. The third level of the model deals with the mechanisms that are used for parents involvement on childs school outcomes. There are three major methods that can be used- modeling, instruction and reinforcement. The fourth level of the model describes the tempering or the mediating variables like the parents use of the strategies that are developmentally app ropriate and the balance between the involvement of the parents and the expectations of the school. The last level of the model deals with the outcomes for the students including the knowledge and skills and self efficacy for the success of school. Another component of the model is the sociological factor that influences the family school interactions and the use of this component to provide a psychological perspective on the parents who participate in the schooling of their children. The second level of the model accepted that once a choice to end up included had been made, logical variables (e.g., time and vitality, observations of particular welcomes for inclusion from the kid and the tyke's instructor) affected folks' decision of inclusion structures. Level 3 of the model recognized systems of parental inclusion's impact (i.e., demonstrating, fortification, and guideline) on the other hand the particular means by which folks influence kids' school results. Level 4 guessed that these systems are compelling to the degree that there is a "decency of fit" between the folks' activities and (1) the youngster's formative requirements and (2) the school's desires for inclusion. The model climaxed in a fifth level, understudy results (i.e., abilities and information, sufficiency toward oneself for school achievement). Built thusly, the model was a hypothetical "guide" that associated existing collections of information and made parkways for building new information. The parental involvement can be of many types. Parenting is one of the kinds. It helps the families to establish and maintain the environment resembling home and therefore help in supporting the children as students. The next type is communicating with the children on school as well home level. This helps the parents in knowing the development of their children and helps them access the academic progress of the child. Volunteering is another type that ensures that the parents participate in the discussions, meetings and other recruitments that involve the talk on their childrens development. Next type is the learning at home type of involvement in which the parents are guided on how to involve themselves with the students/ children at home. This can be done in form of engaging or helping the children with their homework or other co curricular activities or decisions. The next type is the decision making approach for involving the parents. This helps in including the parents and allow ing them to participate in the decisions of the school, either by electing or appointing parent leaders or by electing representatives of the same. The last type of involvement is the collaborating with the community type. This type deals with the process of integration of resources and the services from the community that can be used to strengthen the programs by the school, the family practices and the learning and development of the students. The families that are culturally different and are diverse in their attitude and behaviour, have difference in involvement in the education. For an instance, children of poor farm workers generally face failure of school due to numerous risk factors that hamper their chances of receiving education. Certain factors like educational ideologies, social inequalities, educational structures and the interactions that are interpersonal influence the educational outcomes of the migrant children. The model that is being developed here aims to promote equal and positive outcomes fro the culturally diverse children as well by means of family intervention programs which are based upon the understanding, respect and appreciation for the dynamics, beliefs and values of the diverse families. Some of the strategies that have been incorporated are bilingual community liaisons, transportation, weekend as well as evening activities, provision of care of the child, refreshment for the school based activ ities, designing of a curriculum that reflects the values, culture, experiences, interests and the concerns of the migrant families, flexibility in the instructional programming, organized and co ordinate second chance opportunities for the training and education (Anderson, K. Minke, K., 2010). In order to commit to a high quality early childhood education with the help of involvement of th e parents it is important to strengthen the family approach. It is essential to provide quality care and education through the practices that are developmentally appropriate. For an instance, it is easier to communicate about the difficult issues in the family if the teacher-family relationship is good. The approach of reciprocal relationships is also a well served approach for the same purpose (Patall, E., Cooper, H. and Robinson, J., 2008). During early childhood if the early childhood professionals are able to develop good relationships with the family, they are in better position to understand the positives and the family stress. Eventually, they can offer appropriate information and provide their support more effectively. The development of this reciprocal relationship would mean that the parents are capable of recognizing the signs of abuse and also identifying the situations that may put their children at the risk and consequently aim for providing proper support to their families. The approach also helps the parents in understanding and responding to their childrens challenging behavior and building on the strengths of the families and the children (Olson, M., 2007). For the parents who actively get involved in the school of their children, there are many benefits along with the benefit of positive student outcome. But parents living under the poverty zone are less likely to participate in the events of the school or in their childs education. Such parents need to run errands, catch up on their sleep or care for their other small children or even care for the elderly parents (Vesler Orozco, 2007). Even th upbringing of the parents and the level of education that they have received determines how confident they are in participating in the education and academics of their children. The problem of poverty even affects the children as these children may fail or develop educational delays or not be able to graduate or may have lower marks or aggregate percentages, higher rates of absenteeism or tardiness or even dropping out of the school. Another barrier to this model is the attitude and habits of the parents (Green et al., 2007). Parents who are th e victims of drug or alcohol abuse often become the cause of academic failure of their children. Another barrier is the barrier of the language. English, being the base language, is used as the medium of communication in most of the educational institutions. But some parents may not be able to speak fluent English and this hampers their active participation and involvement (Nokali, N., bachman, H. and Drzal, E., 2010). Notwithstanding the dialect hindrance, a few folks' societies energize them not be ended up excessively included in school what's more feel to do as such is impolite (Velsor Orozco, 2007). There may be social issues that clash with clothing regulation limitations. Social issues might likewise keep families from partaking in occasion exercises focused around family values and convictions. Now and again, there may be folks who see the school as a threatening situation and feel that they are victimized by school staff, in this manner staying away from the school (Velsor Orozco, 2007). There are various strategies to overcome the communication or language barriers that prevent the successful implementation of this model. The communication system- two way, can be implemented using a home to school and school to home network. The flow of communication can be ensured by keeping the contact of the parents up to date. The regular use of the school and classroom newsletter should be encouraged so as to ensure that information is conveyed to all the parents. Encouragement and setting up of group meetings with the therapists, techers, counsellers, parents, administrators and the teachers should be made. The special visitors can conduct home visits and perform the administration related work whenever necessary. Ofcourse, by implementation of such measure and many more the language barrier can be eliminated from this model, but motivation and encouragement of the parents to actively participate in the developmental framework of their children, should be the major focus of th e model (Hornby, G. and Lafaele, R., 2011). References Anderson, K. Minke, K. (2010). Parent Involvement in Education: Toward an Understanding of Parents' Decision Making. The Journal of Educational Research, 100(5):311-323. Green, C L., Walker, Joan M., Hoover-Dempsey, K. Sandler, H. (2007). Parents' motivations for involvement in children's education: An empirical test of a theoretical model of parental involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3): 532-544. Hoover-Dempsey, K. and Sandler, H. (2009). Parental involvement in Childrens education: Why does it make a difference? Parental involvement, 311-322. Hornby, G. and Lafaele, R. (2011). Barriers to parental involvement in education : an explanatory model. Educational review, 63(1): 37-52. Kernan, M. (2012). Parental involvement in early learning. Internationa Child Development Initiatives (ICDI). Nokali, N., bachman, H. and Drzal, E. (2010). Parent Involvement and Children's Academic and Social Development in Elementary School. Child Dev Author manuscript, 81(3):988-1005. Olson, M. (2007). Strengthening families- Community Strategies that work. The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Patall, E., Cooper, H. and Robinson, J. (2008). Parent involvement in homework: A research synthesis, 78(4): 1039-1101. Waanders, C., Mendez, J. and Downer, J. (2007). Parent characteristics, economic stress and neighborhood context as predictors of parent involvement in preschool children's education. Journal of School psychology, 45(6): 619-636. Velsor, P., Orozco, G. (2007). Involving low-income parents in the schools: Community centric strategies for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, Jl(1), 17-24. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-34820306396208378012019-12-03T20:10:00.001-08:002019-12-03T20:10:04.480-08:00Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response Essay ExampleGreen Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response Paper Green Thought by Jon Stallworthy is an interesting and valuable poem about love. During my essay I will justify why Green Thought is a worthy poem to be entered into a young students poem anthology. The poem is an excellent choice because of Stallworthys choice of characters, imagery and his skill in showing the power that love has to heal. Within the poem, Stallworthy tells a story of love and death. Written in first person narrative, the poet describes an old man as he reminisces about his wife during the good times, and bad. Ultimately, the young poet learns a valuable lesson about love through the experiences of this old man. The story within the poem is one of my reasons for choosing this poem as it is about a mature romance, so young adults would benefit and learn a lot about love from it. The poem also shows us that life is a very precious thing so we should live our life to the very best we can, as we cannot predict what will happen in the future. But most of all, teenagers would benefit from the hope the story conveys. It gives hope that in any bad situation we can anticipate and expect good events to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite being a story of mature love, which may seem to be an unusual subject for younger readers to enjoy, the lesson learned about love in the poem is very relevant. It gives readers the hope and expectations that love can have the power to heal pain. Seen through the eyes of the young poet, it helps the young students to relate to the story through Stallworthys perceptions of events. Similar to the young readers, the poet admits to not know much about love, so the theme of the story could be very educational. I expect that Stallworthys perspective of the old man would also be similar to the readers. His observations are very reliable as he conveys that we learn from older and more experienced people, as that is where our perception of life comes from. The poet effectively creates a variety of different images during the course of the poem. From the opening lines I knew the comparison between love and grass was definitely effective. He has described love as common as grass. From this image, I imagined that what was meant by it, is love is everywhere. Even though it may sometimes refuse to take root on a lawn, which means that even when you cannot seem to receive or give love when and where you want, it will always appear very unexpectedly. Love is a constantly growing factor in life. Not only is love a positive and significant occurrence, it is also able to split asphalt. This image tells us that love is very destructive. Love also has the ability to bury a bombsite. This means that love is a very effective healer and can cover over hurt. Being able to grow in any ditch, niche or gutter, shows love is persistently surrounding us, even between the most unlikely of couples. The realistic portrayal of the characters throughout the story is another reason for choosing the poem. The old man in the story is conveyed as a well dressed and mannerly man with his scrupulous tweeds and courtesy, and someone who we would regard as a grandfather figure. I feel that we are able to look up to him and that many people will be able to relate to his personality and description as of that of someone they know. When he is dressed up he is described as part of the ritual tea while he remembers a girl, not yet his wife and how happy things used to be. The readers would be able to feel compassion for the old man at this point in the poem. The portrayal of his wife is two sided. In the good times, she is regarded as a happy character, who runs for more tea into the singing kitchen. The personification of the kitchen is an effective way of an example of how happy she was. However, the image of her is soon changed to that of a gaunt, tragedy queen. This is a very dramatic image of her as an unhappy person which is a very reliable description as the man only had selective memories of her as a princess not nineteen and he only remembered the good times. Tears and agonies, that even the doctors could not understand backs up my earlier view of a mental illness and shows her depressive moods. I imagine being around her at this point would be quite traumatic as the last tantrum ended by her hand. This childlike connotation and the repetitiveness of the word conveys some kind of mental illness and uncontrolled emotions that she had. It is shown how important this love is to the man by the ritual of the Sunday afternoons. This religious imagery is then continued with the woman; as he loved her so much he even worshipped her in a religious sense. The shrine this is continues the imagery as a shrine is seen as a religious and special place, and I think that as this ritual was so important to him, it actually became like a religion. The effective descriptions, images and lessons learned from the legend of the funeral in the poem are definitely very positive reasons for choosing this poem. He is described to be brought to the brink of her graveside. This makes me imagine he is physically brought face to face with what he refuses to accept, but also that he is mentally brought to the end of her life and the funeral makes it all final. Again, imagery is used to expose emotion. Healed with fine snow, is a perfect example, in that the snow is healing the pain of the mourners. The personification of every tree in sight bowing a moonlit head illustrates that even the trees were respecting her death by bowing in sympathy with him. In some way, the old man is protected by love. The snow falls by bandaging the bruised earth. This means that love acts like a bandage to a temporary scar. As the old mans love for his wife was so powerful, it was able to bandage the pain that she is gone. The snow has even more effect by being so peaceful and tranquil. It made the circumstances seem less harsh and eased the pain slightly. Due to Stallworthys excellent use of imagery, description and characters, I have learned a lot about love. I have learned that even in the most damaging, painful situations, love will always have the power to heal pain. In particular, the poets character analysis has given me very high expectations about love and marriage. The old man is a perfect example of how love should be. The vows made in marriage were certainly kept in his case. He loved his wife in sickness and in health, no matter how bad it seemed he did not leave her; this is true love. In conclusion, I definitely believe that this poem is suitable to be included in a poetry anthology for young students, simply because it gives hope, expectations and explanations of what love is and any young reader would benefit from the lessons learned about love in this poem. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-67233830426020478692019-11-27T18:45:00.001-08:002019-11-27T18:45:04.439-08:00Themes of Fear in Batman Begins Essay Example For Students Themes of Fear in Batman Begins Essay I believe the main theme of the film, Batman Begins, is fear. The movie uses fear to show how it could affect the way people live and think. It shows how fear can take control of a human being, destroy them completely, and potentially destroy a society. It also shows how a person can instead take control of fear, this is what frees people, because without fear we can do almost anything. The characters that represent these effects of fear are Batman and Dr. Jonathan Crane (Scarecrow). Each of them are exposed to extensive amounts of fear to start their lives. We will write a custom essay on Themes of Fear in Batman Begins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Fear that was cause by criminals, both Batman and Jonathan lost their parents to criminals. At first the fear affects them both similarly, but in the long run the effects are completely different. The difference is their ability to control the fear, and the way they used the fear. Batman used his fear to fight crime and save innocent people to better Gotham while Jonathan used fear to kill criminals, create more criminals, attack innocent people, and ultimately attempt to destroy Gotham. Their control of fear is what resulted in them acting in these completely different ways. Batman controls his fear enough to maintain a sane way of thinking, resulting in him being able to tell right from wrong, and villains from innocent people. He lives by rules, which include the inability to kill someone. These rules separate him from the villains, other low lives, and the league of shadows whom he learned his skills from. This makes sure he really is making a difference in the world. Then thereââ¬â¢s Jonathan who canââ¬â¢t tell apart the good from the bad because of his lack of control of fear. Which enables fear to control him and potentially drive him to try to obliterate all of Gotham. This is what turns him into Scarecrow. Jonathan so strongly wants justice for what happened to his parents that he goes on a rampage of killing people, and destroying the city. This results in havoc throughout Gotham. This is a complete and utter fail to distinguish good from bad, fueled by a large want for justice. Most would ask, how could fear drive you to doing these things? It is a proven fact that extremism comes from fear. Some examples are obese people and terrorists. Obese people go to extreme lengths and potentially starve themselves to lose weight, while terrorists give up their lives and perform horrendous attacks on innocent people in fear of their god. Batman controls his fear, Jonathan doesnââ¬â¢t, which results in fear controlling him and eventually creates extremism. Fear is also used in the drug that Scarecrow uses to surface peoplesââ¬â¢ biggest fears. Scarecrow uses this drug to make people feel how he feels inside. We can relate this to the fact that Bruce Wayne (Batman) uses the bat suit to fight crime so he can make criminals fear the bat as he fears bats. Though Batman can control his fear, he is also susceptible to this drug. Everyone controls their fears to some point but everyone still fears someone or something. Even if itââ¬â¢s something thatââ¬â¢s never brought up or never comes to mind, itââ¬â¢s still there. The immunity of fear is impossible. Like the fear drug did to Gotham, fear could destroy a society in todayââ¬â¢s world through violence and chaos. Violence is created by fear and violence results in chaos, this is what can and will destroy a society. Violence will tear apart a political structure because violence harms the people, and the political structure is supposed to keep the people safe. In other words, if the people arenââ¬â¢t safe, the political structure and wellbeing of society arenââ¬â¢t safe. The fear drug shows what would happen if people became overtaken by fear and panic. The movie suggests that it would totally obliterate a society. .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .postImageUrl , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:hover , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:visited , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:active { border:0!important; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:active , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Star Wars and Odyssey Comparison Paper Essay ExampleBatman Begins does a great job of using fear to show how it could affect humans and society on a small and large scale. On a small scale, it could completely change a person, their morals, and their lifestyle in a good or bad way. On a larger scale its way more devastating, completely destroying civilizations and societies. Jonathan (Scarecrow) was pushed by fear, but not all criminals have the same motivation. A lot of criminals are more brutal than Jonathan, a lot of criminals just want to see the world erupt in chaos, potentially destroying society. This makes you think, what would happen if someone with a good bit of power was to become like Jonathan? What would happen to society? Would we put an end to it or would we let it eat us alive from the inside out? Well never know until it happens. We can look at historical events that somewhat relate to this though. For example, what Hitler did to the Jews and surrounding countries, and what Pol Pot did to Cambodia. Both these campaigns were put to a stop so we can almost assume that if it happens again the same results will come forth. Only time will tell. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-89375395802966133852019-11-24T02:20:00.001-08:002019-11-24T02:20:04.582-08:00The Effects of Globalisation on Labour Markets, Productivity and Inflation EssaysThe Effects of Globalisation on Labour Markets, Productivity and Inflation Essays The Effects of Globalisation on Labour Markets, Productivity and Inflation Essay The Effects of Globalisation on Labour Markets, Productivity and Inflation Essay The Effects of Globalisation on Labour Markets, Productivity and Inflation Nigel Pain, Isabell Koske OECD Meeting of Heads of National Economic Research Organisations at OECD Headquarters June 15 2007, Paris. Over the past decades international economic integration has proceeded rapidly. Trade in Goods and Services Exports plus imports to GDP (current US$) Foreign Direct Investment Assets plus liabilities to GDP (current US$) 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% World OECD 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% OECD World Non-OECD Non-OECD 0% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 0% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Globalisation has been proceeding for many years. The pace of economic integration has been particularly marked since the mid1990s ââ¬â suggesting structural changes in the impact may have occurred. 2 2 New developments that may have affected the impact of globalisation on OECD economies The marked increase in the extent and pace of integration since the mid-1990s The integration of China and India into the global economy ââ¬â significantly boosting global labour supply Development of international production networks: the fragmentation of production across borders via international outsourcing and offshoring; international trade in tasks Foreign competition spreading into previously sheltered sectors and occupations via ICT-enabled offshoring and market entry. Financial globalisation Such developments, common to all OECD economies, have prompted a re-assessment of the impact of globalisation. Globalisation now affects particular tasks and occupations as 3 3 well as firms/sectors. The Globalisation and Structural Adjustment Project 2005-07 This had three main components: The macroeconomic effects of globalisation labour markets, inflation, policy challenges from the future evolution of globalisation. The sectoral impact of trade on labour markets The effects of the outsourcing of business services The project examined the policy challenges from: The spread of global trade production networks and IT-enabled global sourcing. The impact of non-OECD economies on commodity markets and competition pressures in the OECD. Financial globalisation. A final report was provided to Ministers in May 2007 4 4 The current phase of globalisation has coincided with structural reforms in OECD labour markets The impact of globalisation is occurring against a background of widespread reforms to labour market institutions (see the Restated OECD Jobs Strategy) ââ¬â for example: Reductions in product market and labour market regulations Activation of the unemployed Increased responsiveness of wage setting to supply/demand pressures Reductions in tax wedges All these affect wage and employment outcomes. Other things being equal, they should have acted to reduce structural unemployment. Attempts to quantify the impact of globalisation have to allow for other (potentially endogenous) sources of structural change. 5 5 The labour share of GDP has fallen, but real wages have grown robustly in most OECD countries. Labour Income Shares 0. 7 0. 65 0. 6 0. 55 0. 5 0. 45 0. 4 1980 1 2 OECD economies (weighted average) Real Compensation per Employee 150 140 OECD1 USA JPN FRA 110 100 DEU 1980 1 Income share of labour 1 130 120 Income share of employees2 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Dependent employees and self-employed. Dependent employees (private and government sectors). Weighted average; country coverage varies according to data availability. The decline in the labour share began before the mid-1990s. In accounting terms, the labour share decline is due to labour productivity rising faster than real wages. 6 6 Real wage growth over the past decade is not correlated with trade openness. 5% 4% GRC POL ISL CZE NOR TUR PRT SWE GBR USA FIN DNK NZL KOR AUS CAN FRA CHE AUT JPN ESP DEU ITA MEX SVK HUN IRL BEL NLD Real wage growth1 3% 2% 1% 0% -1% -2% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% Trade openness2 1Annual averages, 1995 to most recent observation. 2Exports plus imports to GDP, average 1995 ââ¬â 2006. 7 Real wage growth was somewhat stronger in countries where openness rose the fastest. 5% 4% GRC NOR PRT SWE ISL POL CZE HUN Real wage growth1 3% TUR IRL SVK GBR 2% USA NZL DNK FIN KOR FRA AUS CAN BEL 1% AUT CHE NLD JPN DEU 0% ITA ESP -1% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% MEX LUX 12% Change in trade openness2 averages, 1995 to most recent observation. 2Percenta ge point change in the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP, average 1995 ââ¬â 2006. 1Annual 8 8 Despite real wage growth, earnings inequality has risen, especially in the top half of the distribution. Earnings inequality in OECD countries P90, P50, and P10 denote the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of the distribution of earnings for full-time employees. Source: OECD Employment Outlook (2007), forthcoming. Wages of more skilled workers have risen relative to those of less skilled workers, though not in all countries. This is one source of political concerns about globalisation. 9 9 Possible labour market impacts of trade and international production networks Lower-skilled tasks can be moved to lower (unit) cost locations potential productivity gains for domestic industries rising trade will coincide with rising skill-related premia Substitution of employment between home and host locations is more likely for cost-saving investments and the larger the host relative to the home country. Possible implications include: Domestic labour demand is more sensitive to domestic wages Employment adjusts more rapidly to changes in desired labour demand (via output, real labour costs, technical change etc. ) Firms have an exit option which, even if not exercised, raises the relative bargaining power of employers. Impact on wage bargains will depend on the preferences of those involved the level at which bargaining takes place. 10 10 Foreign affiliate employment rose relative to domestic employment between 1992-2003 in all sectors in the G3 Ratio of U. S. Foreign Affiliate Employment to Employment in the U. S. (%) Business Services Financial Services Telecoms Transportation Trade Transport Equipment Electrical Optical Machinery Metals Chemicals Pulp Paper Textiles Food, Beverages Tobacco 0. 0 10. 0 20. 0 30. 0 40. 0 50. 0 60. 0 70. 0 2003 1992 There are marked differences across sectors. The data for Japan and Germany show a similar pattern to the US. 11 11 Empirical evidence from the GSA project (and IMF work) suggests globalisation is affecting the labour market. No evidence of aggregate impact on employment levels or growth. Globalisation is one factor contributing to the decline in the labour income share and the rising returns for skilled workers. But it only accounts for a small part of these trends. Technological change and changes in labour market institutions are more important. Evidence for some industries, especially in manufacturing, that globalisation raises the wage elasticity of labour demand: Outward FDI raises the long-run wage elasticity of labour demand (0. 8%1. 0%) Trade raises the short-run wage elasticity of labour demand (0. 2% in mid1980s 0. % early 2000s) For the US, employment growth in US-owned foreign affiliates has positive correlation with employment at home; for Japan, the correlation is negative (controlling for sales and costs). 12 12 Globalisation also has positive effects on productivity levels and growth in OECD economies. Greater specialisation in areas of comparative advantage. Better access to foreign kno wledge (inward and outward FDI). Using intermediate inputs produced offshore may boost home productivity growth (Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg, 2006) Benefits of enhanced competitive pressure in product markets. The OECD Growth Project found that a 10% pt increase in trade openness was associated with a 4% rise in income per capita. Work for GSA (for 9 global regions) found that enhanced openness raises the rate of convergence of GDP per capita to US levels. Labour market work for GSA found evidence that outward FDI and the international outsourcing of intermediate inputs can raise productivity in home economies. 13 Summary of labour market impacts of globalisation (from trade and FDI ââ¬â migration will add to these) Globalisation is associated with rising living standards The benefits are not shared automatically by all workers Globalisation is one factor generating structural change The ongoing globalisation process is one factor helping to dampen wage inflation and reduce the labour income share. These may be one-time changes, albeit prolonged. The higher wage elasticity of labour demand raises potential gains in employment from labour-market reforms, but also raises the potential volatility of workers labour market outcomes. Labour market developments are becoming more closely linked with those in other countries. One channel for global factors to influence domestic cost growth. Increasingly important to put policies in place to help labour market adjustment in OECD economies. 14 There are reasons to believe that the labour market challenges could increase further. Vertical multinationals production fragmentation become more likely as trade and communication costs fall and as location becomes possible in countries with different factor endowments. China India have significant reserves of underemployed labour. OECD estimates suggest that up to 20% of occupations in the major economies are potentially offshorable (high ICT content). 15 Globalisation has coincided with changes in the short-run association between labour market pressures wage growth. 15 ? Total Compensation per Employee (in %) 15 10 5 ? Total Compensation per Employee (in %) 10 1975-1984 1985-1994 1995-2006 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 -1 -0. 5 -5 0 0. 5 1 Unemployment Gap (in %) 1. 5 2 0 -2 -1 United States 15 ? Total Compensation per Employee (in %) 10 30 Japan ?Total Compensation 25 per Employee (in %) 20 15 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 -2 -1 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 Unemployment Gap (in %) 4 5 6 0 -1 -0. 5 Euro Area United Kingdom 16 The lines are fitted regression lines through the actual quarterly data for the period. Globalisation has coincided with changes in the short-run association between labour market pressures unit cost growth. 15 ? ULC (in %) 15 10 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 -1 -0. 5 -5 30 25 20 15 ?ULC (in %) 10 1975-1984 1985-1994 1995-2006 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 0 -2 -1 United States 15 ? ULC (in %) Japan ?ULC (in %) 10 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 -2 -1 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 -1 -0. 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 5 6 7 Euro Area United Kingdom 17 The lines are fitted regression lines through the actual quarterly data for the period. Globalisation has coincided with changes in the short-run association between labour market pressures inflation. 15 ? PCP (in %) 15 10 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 -1 -0. 5 -5 0 0. 5 1 Unemployment Gap (in %) 1. 5 2 ? PCP (in %) 10 1975-1984 1985-1994 1995-2006 5 0 -2 -1 United States 15 ? PCP (in %) 30 25 20 15 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 -2 -1 10 5 0 Japan ?PCP (in %) 10 0 -1 -0. 5 Unemployment Gap (in %) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Euro Area United Kingdom 18 The lines are fitted regression lines through the actual quarterly data for the period. Globalisation has coincided with changes in the relationship between labour market pressures inflation. The short-run Phillips curve has become more horizontal over time, both for labour costs and for price inflation. Also apparent using the change rather than the level of inflation. Movements in the unemployment (and output) gap have smaller effects on inflation than before. This can reflect many factors ââ¬â globalisation, other structural labour market changes, better anchored inflation expectations and changes in monetary policy frameworks. The flattening of the Phillips curve began before globalisation accelerated in the mid-1990s: Better anchored inflation expectations may be more important. The role of globalisation is an empirical matter. Competition could even make prices more responsive to activity. 19 The impact of globalisation on price inflation is examined in Pain, Koske and Sollie (2006). The analysis has three steps: Calculation of the direct impact of rising lower-cost imports from emerging economies on inflation rates in selected OECD economies using a simple accounting framework. Analysis of the impact of global economic conditions on oil and non-oil commodity prices. Empirical analysis of the wider impact of globalisation on consumer prices in 21 OECD economies, over 1980-2005 Test whether inflation dynamics changed in the mid-1990s. Quantification of the impact of globalisation on prices and inflation through a scenario analysis that distinguishes the impact of non-commodity and commodity import prices. 20 [1] Main findings of the accounting analysis: The combined impact effect of lower-cost imports from China and other dynamic Asian economies has reduced domestic inflation by 0. percentage points per annum in the United States (from 1996 to 2005); by 0. 3 percentage points per annum in the euro area (from 2000 to 2005). Calculations from a number of studies (Federal Reserve, ECB) suggest that imports from lower cost producers have pushed down non-commodity import price inflation by between 1 and 2 percentage points per annum over the last decade. 21 [2] Gl obalisation and commodity prices: empirical results. Strong GDP growth in the non-OECD economies since 2000 has been an important factor behind the recent growth of real oil prices and real metals prices. A scenario analysis of setting the growth rate of non-OECD economies equal to the (lower) growth rate of the OECD economies from 2000 onwards reveals that oil prices would have been 20-40% lower than the baseline in the fourth quarter of 2005; real metals prices would have been 10% lower than the baseline. This removes some, but not all of the strong growth in oil and metals prices over recent years. 22 [3] The price equation estimated jointly (SUR) for 21 OECD countries using quarterly data for 1980-2005 is: ? ln P = ? + i,t 0i ? ? SH M SH ? ln P ? M ? [1 ? M ln P ] ln C ? ? 1i ? i,t ? 1 1i i, t ? 1 i, t ? 1 1i i,t ? 1 i,t ? 1 ? ? 4 4 4 M + ? ? ? ln P C + ? GAP + ? ? ji ? ln Pi,t ? j + ? ? ji ? ln Pi,t ? j +? ji i,t ? j 3i i,t ? 1 it j =1 j=0 j =0 P, PM and C denote consumer prices (CED), import prices of goods plus services and domestic unit labour costs MSH denotes the import share of domestic demand (rolling regressions without this term showed a rise in ? 1 over time) GAP is th e domestic output gap Cross-equation parameter restrictions imposed if data permits ? 1 found to be significantly larger from 1995Q1 onwards 23 3] The impact of globalisation on price inflation The long-run influence of import prices on domestic consumer prices has risen since the mid-1990s. This reflects two factors: a rise in import penetration in OECD economies; the impact of import competition on competitorsââ¬â¢ prices. The impact of import prices on domestic consumer prices is larger in small open economies. The cyclical sensitivity of inflation to domestic economic conditions declined between 1981-1994 and 1995-2005. No robust significant additional impact from the global output gap. Global conditions are already reflected in import prices). The separate commodity and consumer price findings are combined in a set of scenario analyses. These show that ex-ante inflationary pressures in most OECD economies would have been moderately higher in the absence of globalisation 24 Impact on consumer price inflation from removing globalisation effects 2000-05. Average percentage point difference per annum Commodity . Non-commodity Component . component . Japan Canada OECD United States United Kingdom Germany France Euro Area Italy Net effect -0. 4 -0. 2 0. 0 0. 2 0. -0. 2 0. 0 0. 2 0. 4 Lower bound of commodity import price effect (20% oil, 10% metals) Upper bound of commodity import price effect (40% oil, 10% metals) Lower bound of non-commodity import price effect (1%) Upper bound of non-commodi ty import price effect (2%) Lower bound of net effect Upper bound of net effect Range of possible impact These estimates are for given labour costs. To the extent that globalisation also affected labour cost growth, the net implicit disinflationary impact of globalisation may be even higher. 25 Concluding comments and issues for discussion [1] Globalisation is clearly affecting labour market outcomes in the OECD, and also domestic price inflation. Can the various impacts can be expected to persist for some time? The existing impact appears modest ââ¬â will it rise in the future? Estimating underlying inflationary pressures is more complicated: Globalisation affects commodity and non-commodity prices The flatter Phillips curve raises the difficulties of identifying where the economy is relative to potential. Does this have implications for the conduct of monetary policy? 26 Concluding comments and issues for discussion [2] Globalisation raises the need for labour market flexibility (job reallocation) but also raises fears about job insecurity and widening earnings inequality. What are the appropriate policies to deal with these concerns? Enhancing potential job creation and labour market adjustment: greater product market competition reduced employment protection legislation Education/training policies to equip workers with general skills Direct adjustment assistance to displaced workers: Transitional income support (and health coverage) Full occupational pension portability Active labour market programmes for updating skills and improving job search. 27 seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-12231651156850899862019-11-21T06:22:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:22:07.905-08:00Human trafficking in Utah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsHuman trafficking in Utah - Essay Example Hence, due to this repugnance by the businessmen, there has been the desired by the private and public sectors to work together in an attempt to control and administer the crime. In this gaze, the paper examines on what ways have the private and public sectors can cohesively work closely to reduce the menace that has stood to destroy the name of the city. The public sector of Utah has since been accused of many wrongdoings over the past that includes corruption, bribery and retrogressive policies that did not impact much on the reduction of human trafficking. According Potrafke, (2013), he observed that public confidence and trust has changed significantly in the fight against human trafficking. The citizens will find it easier to report the crime as they are sure that actions would be taken against the perpetrators. The new office of the public sector of the state under the new bureau of the attorney general had recruitment and expanded the workforce both from the private sector and government officials. The society stakeholders, therefore, find an easier way to the public corridors especially the Utah citizens. Another mechanism that has been used by the public sector is to create a different task force within the city of Utah that comprises of private and public personnel. (Farrell & Pfeffer, 2014) observed that having a proper wo rkforce ensured that thorough investigations are taken and prosecution of perpetrators. The two arms of the society provide a wider view of the problem that enables the crime to be reduced. Both the private and public department has been involved in the development strategy of the city of Utah to reduce human trafficking. Utahââ¬â¢s attorney general office has been creative through innovations by the use of modern technology to reduce humanity crimes as the trafficking in persons. They have created web-based within their systems that enables reporting of crimes such as human trafficking. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-62961085824306583932019-11-20T06:32:00.001-08:002019-11-20T06:32:04.608-08:00Media comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsMedia comparison - Essay Example This made the consulate an easy target. Al Jazeera explains that the Libyan bureaucrats had given stern warnings to the American envoys to vacate the building just before the attack (Ryan, 2012). This was after the Libyan citizens began to protest against a movie ridiculing the Prophet Muhammed of the Muslim community. However, the diplomats did not listen to them. The building was finally attacked leading to the sudden deaths of the US ambassador to Libya among other three Americans. Ten Libyans were also killed. Fawzi Abd al-Aali, a representative of eastern Libyaââ¬â¢s interior ministry, stressed that the Americans could have escaped in the first few hours of the protest when the crowd was still manageable (Ryan, 2012). He also accredited the disaster to the stateââ¬â¢s inability to enforce security and also the uncontrolled possession of heavy weapons by ordinary citizens. However, the report according to the US Media Consulting is different. It suggests that the attack had probably been organized and preplanned by the al-Qaida and dismisses the claims that there had been an anti-American protest. Moreover, the report claims that Christopher Stevens had always raised alarms that his life was in danger, specifically spotting the fact that he had been listed in the al-Qaida punch record. Political analysts associate this to his continuous concern with al-Qaidas growing numbers in Libyan main towns. According to the US Media Consulting industry, the attack was organized by the al-Qaida probably with the help of the former Guantanamo Bay inmate Sufyan Ben Qumu (Post, 2012). Comparing the two reports, it can be deduced that most media firms always tend to be biased. The report according to the US Media Consulting firm tends to dismiss the fact that the attack on the United States consulate in Bhengazi was due to the anti-American protest (Post, 2012). The coverage seems to be biased trying to protect the American image. Instead, it blames the al-Qaida for the seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-19514758705199998312019-11-17T19:24:00.001-08:002019-11-17T19:24:05.201-08:00Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3Death penalty - Essay Example But imprisonment without parole should serve as an alternative to the death penalty, and should be given enough and serious consideration. The death penalty should be stopped and must be prohibited (Pojman and Reiman 72). This essayââ¬â¢s main agenda or main aim is to support the argument that the death penalty should be abolished. In the research, there will be proofs to support that use of the death penalty as a form punishment does not deter crime. Also the research will look at the origin of the use of the death penalty as a form of punishment, and will give the reasons why this form of punishment should be stopped. The death penalty or capital punishment is a legal process whereby a person is sentenced to death for a crime he or she has committed. The actual process of killing the person is called execution. The death penalty tends to brutalize and disregard society and thus it should be completely banned (Johnson and Zimring 289). The death penalty was first used in Babylon for various crimes at least 3700 years ago, and was also used in many other parts in the world. Some countries imposed it for terrible crimes, while others imposed it on very minor offenses, for example under the Roman law of the twelve tablets in the 5th century BC, the death penalty was administered for crimes like publishing of insulting songs and also disturbing the peace of the city. Another example is under the Greece Draconian legal code in the seventh century, where the death penalty was a punishment for every crime (Kronenwetter 11). In a number of ancient societies, the death penalty was used to punish people who committed crimes against the community and religious leaders. The death penalty also served as punishment for other crimes such as robbery, rape, and murder committed against individuals. Rather than being conducted by the legal systems, punishments were carried out by families, clans, and victims in public. According to Kronenwetter, ââ¬Å"execution seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845382201694008811.post-37573311278583092602019-11-15T07:56:00.001-08:002019-11-15T07:56:10.838-08:00Case Study Of Qatar Diar Commerce EssayCase Study Of Qatar Diar Commerce Essay The real estate industry is a development process that involves establishment of real estate in prepared land by individual, government or developers. In this work Qatar was chosen as the country and Qatar Diar as the real estate company. To support growing economy of Qatar with an eye to manage Qatars real estate development priorities Qatar Diar was established in the year 2005 by Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) which is the autonomous wealth fund of Qatar state. Northwest of Doha and on the coast of Arabian Gulf Qatar Diars headquarter is located. It started with $1bn capital. Its main concern was investment in real estate and community based projects. Since the start the company has worked on its portfolio which is worth $60bn estimated through its global investments. Vision and Mission: Qatar Diars vision is to be the finest real estate company in the world by valuing consumer imagination, cultural values and inspiring relations. Companys vision statement is so far being honest with its vision. It has since its incorporation focused on luxurious ventures. Despite the fact that Qatar hasnt seen booming real estate bubble like its neighbour UAE Qatar Diar has provided with excellent opportunity to represent Qatar in the real estate market. Mission of Qatar Diar is to improve quality of life of Qatars people and in places they will have project by creating distinguished grand development projects by valuing top industry standards. Since the beginning the company has worked on the standard of its developments and it is evident from the projects they have done so far. More discussion on that will be in the next section. Projects of Qatar Diar: In a short span of time Qatar Diar has managed to create a global portfolio of real estate projects. At present the company has projects in Qatar and GCC, Asia, Europe, The Americas and Africa. Companys first project was Lusail City which was launched in December 2005 and soon it gained momentum. It wasnt long when Qatar Diars innovative outlook started gaining praise for its work. This city is progressively self-contained which is the largest singleton real estate development undertaken in state of Qatar. Although the project hasnt completed yet but Lusail have already created buzz about Qatars grand scale vision on next generation of developments. Qatar Diar already has become synonymous to quality. Lusail Real Estate Development Company started its journey in September 2008 to operate the expansion, construction and other development operations in legendary Lusail City Development. In 2009 November under Qatar Diars flagship Qatar Railways Development Company was established which was of significant value for its portfolio. This company brought Qatars vision of creating a fully integrated national rail network and this regions first ever integrated railway system into reality. In parallel with its developments in Qatar, Qatar Diar has always been committed to focusing on international market simultaneous to domestic market. Not only life of Qatars people was touched by Qatar Diar but also it has touched million people through its worldwide development ventures. As of now it is now one of the most famous, trustworthy, respected real estate company. It has become possible because of its continuous commitment to quality service, developing communities with state of the art innovative designs, worthy partnerships and trademark sustainability promise. In January 2012 report released by Qatar Diar it has US $4 billion capital with currently undergoing 49 projects solely in Qatar related to development and planning. Also they have projects in 29 countries all around the world which combined can be valued at US $35 billion. Strategic Business Management and Planning Tool: Every business operates in micro and macro environment. To be successful in this competitive age every business have to have strategy for its operations whether its company management or marketing its products. For a company like Qatar Diar it has greater responsibility towards its wider stakeholders. For the purpose of this study focus will be given on two widely used strategic tools. SWOT Analysis PESTEL Analysis SWOT Analysis of Qatar Diar: SWOT which stands as an abbreviation of Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats is a widely used tool to analysis an organisations current standing in the business environment. It also looks into the future considering current competitions. This is a comprehensive planning tool where internally it focuses on strengths and weaknesses of an organisation at current state and looks into external impact factors in forms of opportunities and threats (Sadler, 2003). http://www.lindsay-sherwin.co.uk/guide_managing_change/images/01_swot_1.gif Figure : SWOT to Business Strategy (Sadler, 2003) From both external and internal appraisal Confrontational questions are generated. For every single Opportunity which strength element can assist the company to take advantage of the opportunity and which weakness can form a barrier to do so. For every single Threat which strength factor can lead to compete with the threat and which weakness can bound the company not to do so. Following SWOT analysis examines Qatar Diars Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats considering its present scenarios. Strengths: Strengths of a business are all the positive elements that it do exceptionally well and generally are under its control. The strengths of a company gives it competitive edge over other business competitors. Often a company will emphasis on its strengths to reach to new dimensions. Below is a list of strengths for Qatar Diar. Having associations with other robust and prevalent businesses around the globe is a major advantageous point for Qatar Diar as it helps bring in new clients and make business more operative. Qatari Diar since beginning have formed strong alliances in form of joint ventures with construction and management firms. In 2008 it signed agreements with Germanys Hochtief; in 2009 signed agreement with Germanys Deutsche Bahn to form the Qatar Railways Development Committee (QRDC). Under this committee, the Qatar Railways Company manages the expansion of Qatars $35bn rail system. In 2010 it joined with Frances Vinci Construction. Being a market leader, as Qatar Diar is, is key to their success as it increases status, revenue and market share. Under Qatar Diar there are several key real estate development is ongoing which gives Qatar Diar additional advantage. Innovation is a vital component of Qatar Diars overall accomplishment, as this retains them way above the other real estate companies. Riding high in the niche market in Real Estate industry has helped boost Qatar Diar and raised reputation and turnover. It has so far focused on high end luxurious projects. Not only they have ambitious projects in Qatar but also in several other countries with high profile construction work in prime locations. The US $1bn expansion of Londons past Chelsea Barracks is one such instance. The establishments developed by Qatar Diar are sustainable modern, meaning this high valued clients will return to Qatar Diar for future projects. Qatar Diars marketing strategy has proven efficiency. Which helped the company to raise profiles and profits and standing out as a major strength not only in gulf region but in the world. Qatar Diars innovation keeps it a leader in Real Estate as it is frequently implementing new proprietary technology and design. Experienced employees are key to the success of Qatar Diar helping to drive them forward with skill and knowledge. For example in March 2012 Qatar Diar appointed thirteen international law organisations to Qatari Diars six legal boards. High quality machinery used in sites, experienced staff, offices and equipment guarantee the job is done to the utmost standard, and is a strength of Qatar Diar. Qatar Diar has a widespread client base, which is a key strength regarding profit. Qatar Diar is spread in all over the globe in prime locations. Being financially strong helps Qatar Diar deal with any problems, ride any dip in profits and out perform their rivals. Qatar Diar has state backing which helps them to stay strong in volatile market. Qatar Diar has emerged as a strong brand which is an essential strength. Qatar Diars international operations establishes its authority over the business. 2012 World Cup will be held in Qatar. Before then the company will have some of their high profile projects finished which will enable them to capitalize the event. Weaknesses: Weaknesses of a corporation are things that should be improved for a better result; which are under their control. Weaknesses puts a business behind its competitors and create barrier to achieve its target. This section will present core weaknesses of Qatar Diar Global economic crisis will have an adverse impact on the sales of high end products. As more and more people are trying to hold their money in safe investments. Qatar is yet not as promising as UAE which is first preference among many client. Legal issues that buyers may face for the developments is still an issue for Qatar Diar as this creates barrier for potential customers. Opportunities: Opportunities are external deviations, drifts or desires that could improve the business or organisations strategic positioning, or which could be of a benefit to them. This section will summarize opportunities that Qatar Diar currently have. Qatar Diar gets direct backing from Qatar Government which allows them to have additional support when they go overseas or even inside the country with grants and favourable policies. Sudden change or adaptation of technology could give Qatar Diar an opportunity to strengthen future success. Use of social media network to promote its products to target markets may open new windows for them. Qatar Diar is in respectable monetary position, which is an opportunity for them to explore in terms of investment in new developments. Qatar Diar has the opportunity to enter niche market with their ever favourable government support to maintain leading position and therefore lift financial performance. Grasping the opportunity to magnify the customer base is something Qatar Diar can aim for, either geographically or through new products. Qatar Diar has planned to take its innovative developments to other countries in coming time. Qatar Diar can also explore takeover and merger opportunities could be explored for Qatar Diar and which later can be used to acquire new customers, new resources and enter new markets. Threats: Threats are reasons which may confine, harm or put areas of the business or organisation at jeopardy. They are factors which are external of the companys control. Being conscious of the threats and being able to prepare for them makes this section valuable when considering contingency plans and strategies. This section will outline main threats Qatar Diar is currently facing. Consumer lifestyle changes could lead to less of a demand for Qatar Diar products/services. A slow economy or financial slowdown could have a major impact on Qatar Diar business and profits. Rising costs could be a major downfall for Qatar Diar as it would eat into profit. PESTEL analysis of Qatar Diar In the macro environment there are many factor that affects decision making process of organisation. Changes can come in form of law change, trade barrier, impose of tax, demographic change along with government policy changes. These all are changes in the macro environment (Bennett, 2002). We can use PESTEL model to assess and analyse most of these factors. This arrangement differentiates between: Political factors. These factors denotes various government policy for example the degree of involvement in the economy. Which products and services the government wants to promote? Which areas will receive subsidy? Political factors can have tremendous impact on numerous important areas of business. It will determine how healthy the nation is and in terms of infrastructure how good it is i.e. road and rail network throughout the nation. Economic factors. Economic factors includes but not limits to purchase interest rates, taxation charges, slow or high economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. To understand how it might affect a business with high impact lets see the example: higher interest rates might discourage investment since it costs extra to borrow a strong currency may make exporting more problematic because it may increase the price in terms of foreign currency inflation may aggravate higher wage demands from employees and increase costsà higher national income growth may boost demand for a firms products Social factors. Changes in social tendencies can influence on the demand for a firms products and the accessibility and readiness of persons to work. In Qatar Diar most of the workers are from different countries. If they cannot offer a competitive salary with other benefits there might be issue with finding right people. Also in 10 years time there will be Fifa 2022 World Cup in Qatar this might mean there will be additional interest for people to get involved and invest in properties. Technological factors: new technologies generate new products and new procedures. Social networking, online shopping, online booking and computer aided design are all developments to the way we do business as a consequence of improved technology. Technology can lessen costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. These expansions can help customers as well as the groups providing the products. Qatar Diar has access to latest technologies in their work bases which helps them to minimize cost and maximize opportunities. Environmental factors: environmental factors comprise the climate and environmental changes. Tourism industry can get hugely affected by temperature change or issues like changed climate. Due to global warming slowly there is significant environmental awareness which indicates that it is not a problem of a region. Qatar Diar also has implications of environmental factors. Sustainable growth will mean that there will be less scope for doing non-environmental friendly tasks. The recent trend of being more environmental friendly is something Qatar Diar can work on to build up campaign or similar movements which will be beneficiary for the business. Legal factors: These factors are significant for a business in terms of the geographical area where they are based on. For example discriminations on the basis of age, sex, religion can have huge adverse impact on a businesss operation. Following laws of different country is also important as most of the time they does vary geographically. Also lawsuits can cost a company fortune. So having sound legal advisors are a must. Qatar Diar has an experienced panel of legal advisors to assist them with development planning. Different categories of law that has direct relation with Qatar Diar includes: consumer laws; these are intended to guard customers against biased practices such as ambiguous descriptions of the product competition laws; these are designed at protecting trivial firms against oppression by larger firms and safeguarding customers are not exploited by firms with monopoly influence employment laws; these cover parts such as dismissal, sacking, working hours and minimum wages. They aim to defend employees against the misuse of power by bosses health and safety legislation; these laws are aimed at guaranteeing the workplace is as safe as is sensibly practical. This legislation covers important issues such as training, accident reporting and other provision for safety equipment. Classic PESTEL features to ponder comprise: Factor Could include: Political e.g. Qatar government involvement in real state policies, investment agenda Economic e.g. inflation, credit crisis, national debt, exchange rates. Social e.g. view towards certain products, demographic characteristics, income Technological e.g. technological advancement, new ICT product, social networking, new product development by using new technology, rate of technological obsolescence Environmental e.g. global warming, climate change, natural disasters and other environmental issues Legal e.g. laws that company is abide by. competition law, health and safety, employment law However, it is significant not to just list PESTEL factors as this does not in itself tell very much. What business strategic management team need to do is to work out which of the many listed factors may change. For example as a government holding company Qatar Diar will more or less have favourable policies from the government. Problem will arise when it goes to a different geographic location. Qatar Diar has a global portfolio that makes it challenging to take into consideration all the wider aspects of all its development activities. In order to assess a big company like Qatar Diar it will be a good idea to distinguish between factors in terms of local, national and global (Drummond,2001). For example, we can evaluate Qatar Diars PESTEL factors as: Local factors such as designing a government project and its approval. National factors such as government law regarding recruiting people for the construction. Global factors such as entering into new market zones and its impact on business. Conclusion: This paper has looked into Qatar Diars business management from a strategic point of view. It is not long since the business was established. Getting world recognition in such a short time is really uncommon in todays world. Qatar Diar has proved how innovative approach in real estate industry can shape its future. Strategically, Qatar Diar has been lucky to have state support throughout its operation. Thanks to its joint ventures it has seen its growth over 29 countries. In coming years Qatar Diar will reach to its peak and probably 2022 will be a milestone year for Qatar Diar. seths8265http://www.blogger.com/profile/18018574060224595854noreply@blogger.com0